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Research is mixed, however, about the impact of prolonged caregiving on their health, well\u2010being, and mortality risk. Using a prospective study design, we examined the association of caregiving with mortality in a cohort of older women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 158,987 postmenopausal women aged 50\u201379\u2009years at enrollment into the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) who provided information on current caregiving status and caregiving frequency at baseline (1993\u20131998) and follow\u2010up (2004\u20132005). Mortality was ascertained from baseline through March of 2019. Cox regression with caregiving status defined as a time\u2010varying exposure was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, smoking, and history of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Stratified analyses explored whether age, race\u2010ethnicity, depressive symptoms, frequency of caregiving, optimism, and living status modified the association between caregiver status and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, 40.7% of women (mean age 63.3\u2009years) self\u2010identified as caregivers. During a mean 17.5\u2010year follow\u2010up, all\u2010cause mortality (50,526 deaths) was 9% lower (multivariable\u2010adjusted HR\u2009=\u20090.91, 95% CI: 0.89\u20130.93) in caregivers compared to non\u2010caregivers. The inverse association between caregiving and all\u2010cause mortality did not differ according to caregiving frequency or when stratified by age, race\u2010ethnicity, depressive symptoms, optimism, or living status (interaction\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05, all). Caregiving was inversely associated with CVD and cancer mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among postmenopausal women residing across the United States, caregiving was associated with lower mortality. Studies detailing the type and amount of caregiving are needed to further determine its impact on older women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T03:08:37Z","timestamp":1699412917000},"page":"24-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Caregiving and all\u2010cause mortality in postmenopausal women: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Prachi P.","family":"Chavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions University at Buffalo\u2010SUNY  Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Master of Public Health Program, School of Health Professions Eastern Virginia Medical School  Norfolk Virginia 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Nursing, Family Caregiving Institute University of California Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JoAnn E.","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Harvard University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candyce H.","family":"Kroenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente North Carolina Division of Research  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Hayden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine Wake Forest University  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calvin 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