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Anthropometric measures were prospectively assessed at baseline, as well as change and variability from baseline to year two (three time\u2010points). In a subgroup (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911,176), self\u2010reported weight at age 18 and 70+ years was investigated. Dementia cases satisfied DSM\u2010IV criteria. Cox regression was used to examine the associations between anthropometric measures and incident risk of dementia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to normal weight, an overweight (HR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.57\u20130.79,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) or obese BMI (HR: 0.73, 95%CI: 0.60\u20130.89,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), or a larger WC (elevated, HR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.58\u20130.86,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; highly elevated, HR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.55\u20130.78,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; relative to low) at baseline was associated with lower dementia risk. In contrast, substantial increases in BMI (&gt;5%) over 2\u2009years after baseline were associated with higher dementia risk (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.17\u20131.91,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Increased dementia risk was also seen with an underweight BMI at baseline and a 2\u2010year BMI decrease (&gt;5%), but these associations appeared only in the first 4\u2009years of follow\u2010up. Compared to normal weight at both age 18 and 70+ years, being obese at both times was associated with increased dementia risk (HR: 2.27, 95%CI: 1.22\u20134.24,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), while obesity only at age 70+ years was associated with decreased risk (HR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.51\u20130.95,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that long\u2010term obesity and weight gain in later life may be risk factors for dementia. Being underweight or having substantial weight loss in old age may be early markers of pre\u2010clinical dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T01:40:24Z","timestamp":1705714824000},"page":"1023-1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Associations of body habitus and its changes with incident dementia in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Zimu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4807-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn L.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lachlan","family":"Cribb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tagrid","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor T.\u2010J.","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences St Vincent's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne G.","family":"Orchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raj C.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family &amp; 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