{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:36:37Z","timestamp":1791416197184,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG068421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG068421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG058777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG058777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG083034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG083034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG05998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG05998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease experience conflicts as they navigate health care but lack training to resolve these disputes. We sought to develop and pilot test an artificial\u2010intelligence negotiation training program, NegotiAge, for family caregivers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We convened negotiation experts, a geriatrician, a social worker, and community\u2010based family caregivers. Content matter experts created short videos to teach negotiation skills. Caregivers generated dialogue surrounding conflicts. Computer scientists utilized the dialogue with the Interactive Arbitration Guide Online (IAGO) platform to develop avatar\u2010based agents (e.g., sibling, older adult, physician) for caregivers to practice negotiating. Pilot testing was conducted with family caregivers to assess usability (USE) and satisfaction (open\u2010ended questions with thematic analysis).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Development: With NegotiAge, caregivers progress through didactic material, then receive scenarios to negotiate (e.g., physician recommends gastric tube, sibling disagrees with home support, older adult refusing support). Caregivers negotiate in real\u2010time with avatars who are designed to act like humans, including emotional tactics and irrational behaviors. Caregivers send\/receive offers, using tactics until either mutual agreement or time expires. Immediate feedback is generated for the user to improve skills training. Pilot testing: Family caregivers (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912) completed the program and survey. USE questionnaire (Likert scale 1\u20137) subset scores revealed: (1) Useful\u2014Mean 5.69 (SD 0.76); (2) Ease\u2014Mean 5.24 (SD 0.96); (3) Learn\u2014Mean 5.69 (SD 0.74); (4) Satisfy\u2014Mean 5.62 (SD 1.10). Items that received over 80% agreements were: It helps me be more effective; It helps me be more productive; It is useful; It gives me more control over the activities in my life; It makes the things I want to accomplish easier to get done. Participants were highly satisfied and found NegotiAge fun to use (91.7%), with 100% who would recommend it to a friend.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NegotiAge is an Artificial\u2010Intelligent Caregiver Negotiation Program, that is usable and feasible for family caregivers to become familiar with negotiating conflicts commonly seen in health care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T03:39:14Z","timestamp":1705117154000},"page":"1112-1121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<scp>NegotiAge<\/scp>\n                    : Development and pilot testing of an artificial intelligence\u2010based family caregiver negotiation program"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Alaine","family":"Murawski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Ramirez\u2010Zohfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnathan","family":"Mell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Central Florida  Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Tschoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Schierer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Olvera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kellogg School of Management Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Gratch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4290-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee A.","family":"Lindquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Caregiving: A National Profile and Assessment of Caregiver Services and Needs","author":"McKune SL","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Use of paid and unpaid personal help by Medicare beneficiaries needing long\u2010term services and supports","volume":"2017","author":"Willink A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Issue Brief (Commonw Fund)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"A Profile of Older Americans and their Caregivers","author":"Johnson RW","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Family Caregiver Alliance.Definitions from National Center on Caregiving.2021. 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