{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T18:41:31Z","timestamp":1784745691459,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03AG082989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03AG082989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007217","name":"Health Services Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C19 21\u2010278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C19 21\u2010278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007217","name":"Health Services Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C19 21\u2010279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C19 21\u2010279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015728","name":"Clinical Science Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK2\u2010 CX002351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2\u2010 CX002351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015728","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015728","name":"Clinical Science Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK2CX002648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2CX002648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015728","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID\u201019 survivors are at greater risk for new medical conditions. Among older adults, where multimorbidity and functional impairment are common, frailty measurement provides a tool for understanding how infection impacts future health beyond a one\u2010disease\u2010at\u2010a\u2010time approach. We investigated whether COVID\u201019 was associated with change in frailty among older Veterans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were from the Veterans Affairs (VA) COVID\u201019 Observational Research Collaboratory, which extracted VA medical record data. We included Veterans who had COVID\u201019 from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021 and matched uninfected controls. We excluded those &lt;50\u2009years at index or did not survive 12\u2009months after. Frailty was assessed at the index date and 12\u2009months using the VA Frailty Index (VA\u2010FI).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the number of new VA\u2010FI deficits over 12\u2009months. Analysis was done by negative binomial regression adjusted for age, gender, race, ethnicity, and BMI. Coefficients are given as the ratio of the mean number of new deficits in COVID\u201019 cases versus controls during follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 91,338 COVID\u201019\u2010infected Veterans and an equal number of matched controls. Median (IQR) age was 68.9\u2009years (60.3\u201374.2), 5% were female, 71% were White, and baseline VA\u2010FI was 0.16 (0.10, 0.26). Median (IQR) number of new deficits at 1\u2009year was 1 (0\u20132) for infected and 0 (0\u20131) for uninfected controls. After adjustment, those with COVID\u201019 accrued 1.54 (95% CI 1.52\u20131.56) times more deficits than those who did not. The five most common new deficits were fatigue (9.7%), anemia (6.8%), muscle atrophy (6.5%), gait abnormality (6.2%), and arthritis (5.8%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found a greater increase in frailty among older Veterans with COVID\u201019 compared with matched uninfected controls, suggesting that COVID\u201019 infection has long\u2010term implications for vulnerability and disability among older adults. Functional impairments such as fatigue, impaired mobility, and joint pain may warrant specific attention in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.19255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T04:03:22Z","timestamp":1731125002000},"page":"3800-3809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Change in frailty among older\n                    <scp>COVID\u201019<\/scp>\n                    survivors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8223-5924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Seligman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine D.","family":"Wysham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Puget Sound Healthcare System  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troy","family":"Shahoumian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Informatics, Digital Health Veterans Health Administration  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariela R.","family":"Orkaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center VA Boston Health Care System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew Bidwell","family":"Goetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT) Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Maciejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT) Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise M.","family":"Hynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, (CIVIC) VA Portland Healthcare System  Portland Oregon USA"},{"name":"College of Health Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon USA"},{"name":"School of Nursing Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Boyko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Puget Sound Healthcare System  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George N.","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Puget Sound Healthcare System  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"SchulmanJ LazerD PerlisRH et al.State of the COVID\u201019 Pandemic [Internet]. 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