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Participants were randomized to 2000\u2009IU\/d vitamin D and\/or 1\u2009g\/d marine omega\u20103s and\/or exercise. Change in ALMI over 3\u2009years was calculated in all participants who underwent dual energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091495) using mixed effect models. Incident sarcopenia was analyzed based on the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium in all non\u2010sarcopenic participants (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091940).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1495 participants (mean age 74.9 (sd 4.4); 63.3% were women; 80.5% were at least moderately physically active at baseline) mean gait speed at baseline was 1.2\u2009m\/s (sd 0.3), mean ALMI at baseline was 6.65 (SD 0.95) in women, and 8.01 (SD 0.88) kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in men. At year 3, average change of ALMI was \u22120.09 (sd 0.34) kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\u22121.35%) in women and\u2009\u2212\u20090.17 (sd 0.33) kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\u22122.0%) in men. None of the treatments individually or in combination had a benefit on ALMI change compared to control over 3\u2009years, with omega\u20103s showing a small protective effect on ALMI at year 1 only (\u22120.021 vs. no\u2010omega\u20103s \u22120.066\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Of 1940 non\u2010sarcopenic participants at baseline, 88 (4.5%) developed incident sarcopenia over 3\u2009years. None of the treatments individually or in combination reduced the odds of incident sarcopenia compared with placebo.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among healthy, physically active older adults, ALMI and incidence of sarcopenia were not improved by treatment of daily 2000\u2009IU vitamin D, daily 1\u2009g omega\u20103s, or a simple home exercise program compared with control over 3\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.19266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T09:14:19Z","timestamp":1732094059000},"page":"1049-1059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of vitamin D, omega\u20103 supplementation, or a home exercise program on muscle mass and sarcopenia:\n                    <scp>DO<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>HEALTH<\/scp>\n                    trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8322-5501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna K.","family":"Eggimann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics University Hospital Bern and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Freystaetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"University Campus Aging Medicine, City Hospital Zurich\u2013Waid  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Vellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G\u00e9rontop\u00f4le de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Center Hospitalo\u2010Universitaire de Toulouse  Toulouse France"},{"name":"UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III  Toulouse France"},{"name":"IHU HealthAge, University Hospital Toulouse and University III Paul Sabatier Toulouse  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Kanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia and Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Rizzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reto W.","family":"Kressig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Armbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Radiologie, Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. P.","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bess","family":"Dawson\u2010Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gagesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"University Campus Aging Medicine, City Hospital Zurich\u2013Waid  Zurich 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