{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:02:56Z","timestamp":1787580176688,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA6\u2010184677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA6\u2010184677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs) are geographical areas that have naturally become home to a large concentration of older adults. This density means that NORCs have the potential to become a pillar for aging in place strategies, but at present, there is limited data on residents and their health needs. Our objective was to describe and compare the health and healthcare use of older adults living in high\u2010rise NORC buildings to those in all other housing types in the community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a population\u2010based descriptive study of community\u2010dwelling older adults aged \u226565\u2009years by linking a provincial NORC registry in Ontario, Canada with health administrative records. Individuals were classified as NORC residents if their residential postal code on January 1, 2020 matched the NORC registry. Sociodemographic, clinical, and healthcare use characteristics were compared by NORC status using standardized differences (STD) and stratified by rurality, and further by age and sex in urban settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 219,995 (7.7%) of 2,869,706 older adults were NORC residents. Compared to community\u2010dwelling older adults, NORC residents were older (mean 77.4 vs 74.6\u2009years; STD 0.34), and more were female (61.8% vs 52.2%; STD 0.19) and had low income (16.0% vs 9.3%; STD 0.11). NORC residents also had more active chronic conditions (mean 1.9 vs 1.5; STD 0.27), medications (mean 3.4 vs 2.8; STD 0.21), home care use (15.3% vs 9.8%; STD 0.17), and primary care visits (mean 9.7 vs 7.6 visits in prior 2\u2009years; STD 0.22). Findings were robust across rurality, age, and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that NORC residents have greater health needs than other older adults living in the community and underscore NORCs as important targets for equity\u2010focused strategies to support aging in place.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.19278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T01:53:40Z","timestamp":1733104420000},"page":"74-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A portrait of older adults in naturally occurring retirement communities in Ontario, Canada: A population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2746-373X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel D.","family":"Savage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Age Lab Women's College Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Women's College Research and Innovation Institute, Women's College Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORC Innovation Centre, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7016-5295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoshana","family":"Hahn\u2010Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORC Innovation Centre, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavina","family":"Matai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2939-1431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexa","family":"Boblitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azmina","family":"Altaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7341-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan E.","family":"Bronskill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's College Research and Innovation Institute, Women's College Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Public Health Ontario  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha E.","family":"Lewis\u2010Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORC Innovation Centre, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya S.","family":"Sheth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Age Lab Women's College Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Women's College Research and Innovation Institute, Women's College Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Age Lab Women's College Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Women's College Research and Innovation Institute, Women's College Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen","family":"Recknagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORC Innovation Centre, University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5973-4151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula A.","family":"Rochon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Age Lab Women's College Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Women's College Research and Innovation Institute, Women's College Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044517"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26474"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08959420.2020.1759758"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17614"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J081V03N03_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","volume-title":"Age\u2010Friendly NYC: New Commitments for a City for All Ages","author":"Age\u2010friendly New York City Commission","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities in Ontario: Location and Age Characteristics","author":"Hahn\u2010Goldberg S","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980818000569"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47326\/ocsat.2021.02.14.1.0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-11-46"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.211883"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.202756"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-016-0375-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Ontario Ministry of Health.The senior's Ontario Drug Benefit deductible and prescription co\u2010payment."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","volume-title":"Measuring Rurality \u2013 RIO2008_BASIC: Methodology and Results","author":"Kralj B","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-021-00552-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","volume-title":"Postal CodeOM Conversion File Plus (PCCF+) Version 7B, Reference Guide","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200410000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"Mental Health and Addictions System Performance in Ontario: A Baseline Scorecard","author":"MHASEF Research Team","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","volume-title":"The Mental Health of Children and Youth in Ontario: 2017 Scorecard","author":"MHASEF Research Team","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610910902859574"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"A Unified Approach to Measuring the Effect Size between Two Groups using SAS","author":"Yang D","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23337214211015451"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnt035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2016.1222474"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/27.3.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01944363.2021.1902842"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhe.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207411.1975.11448692"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12050519"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980820000045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.068262"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03045-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02763893.2014.899282"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","volume-title":"Which Older Adults Have Access to America's Most Livable Neighborhoods? An Analysis of AARP's Livability Index","author":"Molinsky J","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","volume-title":"Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities Score Lower on Livability","author":"Airgood\u2010Obrycki W","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2012.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/34577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa142"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.518"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02763893.2010.522440"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","unstructured":"NORC Innovation Centre. Creating new possibilities for aging in place.University Health Network;2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","volume-title":"It's Time to Unleash the Power of Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities in Canada. National Institute on Ageing, Toronto Metropolitan University and NORC Innovation Centre","author":"National Institute on Ageing and NORC Innovation Centre","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980822000125"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.19278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:20:35Z","timestamp":1762176035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgs.19278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgs.19278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.19278","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}