{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T14:03:13Z","timestamp":1793628193050,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020 NARSAD Young Investigator"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020 NARSAD Young Investigator"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003061","name":"Erasmus Medisch Centrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005797","name":"Vereniging Trustfonds Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["97030.2021.101.430\/057\/RB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["97030.2021.101.430\/057\/RB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003245","name":"Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001828","name":"Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012517","name":"Directorate-General XII, Science, Research, and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012517","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010969","name":"Alzheimer Nederland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002999","name":"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["73305095005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["73305095005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory (NSAID) medication could reduce dementia risk due to anti\u2010inflammatory and possibly amyloid\u2010lowering properties. However, the results of observational studies and short\u2010term randomized\u2010controlled trials have been inconsistent, and duration and dose\u2013response relationships are still unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 11,745 dementia\u2010free participants from the prospective population\u2010based Rotterdam Study (59.5% female, mean age 66.2\u2009years). NSAID use from 1991 was derived from pharmacy dispensing records, from which we determined cumulative duration and dose. We defined four mutually exclusive categories of cumulative use: non\u2010use, short\u2010term use (&lt;\u20091\u2009month), intermediate\u2010term use (between 1 and 24\u2009months), and long\u2010term use (&gt;\u200924 months). We determined the association with dementia risk until 2020 using Cox regression models, including NSAID use as a time\u2010varying exposure. Models were adjusted for lifestyle factors, comorbidity, and comedication use. We repeated the analyses stratified by previously established amyloid\u2010\u03b2 lowering properties of different NSAIDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During an average follow\u2010up period of 14.5\u2009years, a total of 9520 (81.1%) participants had used NSAIDs at any given time, and 2091 participants developed dementia. Use of NSAIDs was associated with lower dementia risk for long\u2010term users (HR [95% CI]: 0.88 [0.84\u20130.91]), and a small increased risk with short\u2010term use (HR [95% CI]: 1.04 [1.02\u20131.07]) or intermediate\u2010term use (HR: 1.04 [1.02\u20131.06]). The cumulative dose of NSAIDs was not associated with decreased dementia risk (HR for \u2264\u200925th percentile: 1.06 [1.03\u20131.09], 26\u201350th percentile: 1.02 [0.99\u20131.05], 51\u201375th percentile: 1.03 [0.99\u20131.06], &gt;\u200975th percentile: 0.99 [0.96\u20131.02]). Associations were somewhat stronger for long\u2010term use of NSAIDs without known effects on amyloid\u2010\u03b2 than for amyloid\u2010lowering NSAIDs (HR [95% CI]: 0.79 [0.74\u20130.85] versus 0.89 [0.85;0.93]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long\u2010term NSAID use, but not cumulative dose, was associated with decreased dementia risk. This suggests that prolonged rather than intensive exposure to anti\u2010inflammatory medication may hold potential for dementia prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.19411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T02:16:58Z","timestamp":1741745818000},"page":"1484-1490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Long\u2010Term Exposure to Non\u2010Steroidal Anti\u2010Inflammatory Medication in Relation to Dementia Risk"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4212-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilse","family":"vom Hofe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno H.","family":"Stricker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Kamran","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J.","family":"Wolters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Arfan","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7704-8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.036946"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30435-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02743.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03325217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317514542644"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0239-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010178"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.6.880"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.626"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000311269.57716.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-023-01094-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology \u201cGuidelines for ATC Classification and DDD Assignment \u201d2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0377-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-011-9563-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152710791012026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18372"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgs.19411","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T15:10:58Z","timestamp":1762182658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgs.19411"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgs.19411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.19411","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}