{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T22:39:12Z","timestamp":1773959952441,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30\u2010AG021332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30\u2010AG021332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AG052419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AG052419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23EY030897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23EY030897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1\u2010TR001420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1\u2010TR001420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Impaired contrast sensitivity (CS) commonly occurs in older adults but has been largely overlooked as a contributing factor to functional impairment and decline. We examined if CS impairment predicts decline in performance on the expanded short physical performance battery (eSPPB) over 30\u2009months of follow\u2010up in cognitively healthy older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single center prospective cohort study of 192 cognitively unimpaired older adults with good visual acuity and self\u2010reported visual function. Linear mixed models examined the difference in the association of moderately impaired baseline CS (logCS &lt;\u20091.55) with performance on the eSPPB and its components\u2013balance, 4\u2009m gait speed, narrow walk, and chair pace\u2013over 30\u2009months. Multivariable models adjusted for the effect of age, race, and sex on the slopes over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, the mean participant age was 76.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7\u2009years, with 56.5% (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009108) female and 9.4% (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918) black. Participants with moderately impaired CS at baseline had a significantly faster decline in eSPPB over a 30\u2010month period (Beta: \u22120.115, 95% CI (\u22120.180, \u22120.050),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) compared with those with normal CS (Beta: \u22120.022, 95% CI (\u22120.044, \u22120.001),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042). There was a difference in slopes of \u22120.093\u2009units\/year ((95% CI, \u22120.161, \u22120.024),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009) between groups. This difference in slopes remained significant after adjusting for the effect of age, sex, and race (difference in slopes \u22120.086, 95% CI (\u22120.155, \u22120.016),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016). Impaired CS predicted significantly greater declines in balance over 30\u2009months (difference in slopes \u22123.512 (\u22126.826, \u22120.199),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0378), but the differences in gait speed, narrow walk, and chair pace were not significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In cognitively intact older adults with good visual acuity, moderately impaired CS was associated with a significantly faster decline in eSPPB, especially balance, over 30\u2009months of follow\u2010up. A relatively simple test of vision may identify a subset of older adults without cognitive dysfunction who are at risk for mobility decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.19526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T06:40:06Z","timestamp":1747723206000},"page":"1772-1778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Moderate Impairment in Binocular Contrast Sensitivity Predicts Faster Mobility Decline in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2242-8146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Wells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Data Science Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Laurienti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Kritchevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atalie C.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.1994.tb01753.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2016\u20100349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13\u201012869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161\u20106420(98)91911\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.14.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.105098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2016.1258035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.2008.01819.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11010118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control \u201cCase Definitions: Vision Loss and Blindness \u201d2025 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vision\u2010health\u2010data\/case\u2010definitions\/vision\u2010loss\u2010blindness.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"The Design of a New Letter Chart for Measuring Contrast Sensitivity","volume":"2","author":"Pelli D. 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