{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:24:34Z","timestamp":1780068274799,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the prevalence and risk of dementia in homeless adults has important implications for ensuring appropriate resources are directed towards dementia prevention and healthy aging. We aimed to estimate the: (1) prevalence and (2) risk of dementia among homeless adults, and (3) risk of homelessness in adults experiencing dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search was completed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Social Works Abstracts, and the gray literature from inception to September 26, 2024. Studies investigating the prevalence of dementia among individuals experiencing homelessness aged 18\u2009years or older were included. Title, abstract, and full text screening, extraction, and risk of bias assessments were completed in duplicate. Random effects meta\u2010analysis using generalized linear mixed models was used to estimate the prevalence of dementia. For the risk and incidence of dementia, we meta\u2010analyzed the risk and hazards of dementia comparing homeless to housed individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1585 citations were retrieved, with 102 studies undergoing full\u2010text review. Thirty\u2010six studies were included in the final review (504,766 individuals experiencing homelessness, with the following weighted by sample size: mean age 63.08, female percentage 10.64). The prevalence of dementia was 6.81% (95% CI: 4.49, 10.19%,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200999.7%). Among those who experienced homelessness compared to housed individuals, the risk ratio for dementia was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.52, 2.03,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200999.7%), and the incidence (hazard ratio) for dementia was 1.54 (0.52, 4.50,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200998.0%). One study showed that a younger age was associated with homelessness among adults with dementia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis suggests that homeless individuals have a dementia prevalence higher than population\u2010based studies of housed adults of a similar age, where the estimated prevalence is under 3%. Research on models of care aimed at reducing homelessness in those experiencing dementia is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO: CRD42024595047<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T10:20:38Z","timestamp":1756376438000},"page":"238-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence and Risk of Dementia Among Adults Who Have Experienced Homelessness, a Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management &amp; Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Women's Age Lab and Women's College Research Institute Women's College Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Sinai Health Systems University Health Network  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1006-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Qing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management &amp; Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"St. Michael's Hospital Department of Medicine  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Jay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management &amp; Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"van Ballegooie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Reppas\u2010Rindlisbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management &amp; Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Women's Age Lab and Women's College Research Institute Women's College Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Sinai Health Systems University Health Network  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha E.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"IC\/ES  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Alston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"St. Michael's Hospital Department of Medicine  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5973-4151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Rochon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management &amp; 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