{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T11:35:30Z","timestamp":1764416130249,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007951","name":"Tokyo Medical and Dental University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H00557","20K10540","21H03153","21H03196","21K17302","22H00934","22H03299","22K04450","22K13558","22K17409","23H00449","23H03117","25K16857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H00557","20K10540","21H03153","21H03196","21K17302","22H00934","22H03299","22K04450","22K13558","22K17409","23H00449","23H03117","25K16857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019434","name":"Japan Health Promotion and Fitness Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009035","name":"Program on Open Innovation Platform with Enterprises, Research Institute and Academia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJOP1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJOP1831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21dk0110037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21dk0110037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19FA1012","19FA2001","21FA1012","22FA1010","22FA2001","22FG2001","24LA1002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19FA1012","19FA2001","21FA1012","22FA1010","22FA2001","22FG2001","24LA1002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence remains inadequate regarding the benefits of incentive programs promoting healthy activities, particularly among older adults. This longitudinal study examined the associations of participation in the points\u2010based health incentive program with an array of subsequent health and well\u2010being outcomes, including ones the program did not explicitly incentivize, among older adults in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants and Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used three\u2010wave data (2020, 2021, and 2022) from Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092504), a cohort study of functionally independent individuals aged \u2265\u200965\u2009years. We randomly sampled individuals living in Matsudo City and collected data via self\u2010administered mail surveys.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our exposure was participation in the points\u2010based health incentive program (points\u2010program) assessed at the 2021 wave. The program awards points for health checkups, community participation, and achieving personal health goals, which can be exchanged for entry into a prize lottery. We assessed 22 health\/well\u2010being outcomes in 2022 across six domains, including physical and cognitive health, health behaviors, mental health, subjective well\u2010being, social well\u2010being, and pro\u2010social or altruistic behaviors. We adjusted pre\u2010baseline covariates, including prior outcome values in 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participation in the points\u2010program was associated with more fruit and vegetable intake (risk ratio\u2009=\u20091.30; 95% confidence interval: 1.14, 1.49;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), more participation in learning or cultural groups (1.45; 1.19, 1.78;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001)\/community gathering places (1.58; 1.22, 1.85;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001)\/neighborhood associations (1.25; 1.13, 1.38;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and a greater number of friends seen within a month (1.31: 1.10, 1.50;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), after accounting for multiple testing via Bonferroni correction. Although we observed more modest and mixed evidence for other outcomes, we identified no harmful effects of the incentive program on any of the outcomes we assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The points\u2010program has the potential to promote not only the immediate outcomes it targets but also other domains of health and well\u2010being outcomes through increased social interaction and healthy behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.70081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T09:59:14Z","timestamp":1757152754000},"page":"3166-3176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Points\u2010Based Health Incentive Program and Subsequent Health and Well\u2010Being in Japan: An Outcome\u2010Wide Approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9933-354X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazushige","family":"Ide","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Medical Sciences Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3908-696X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Nakagomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Medical Sciences Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1327-5022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenjiro","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Medical Sciences Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryunosuke","family":"Shioya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Agency for Gerontological Evaluation Study  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6084-9696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Medical Sciences Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8408-6619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taishi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Bunkyo \u2010 ku  Tokyo 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