{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T04:22:31Z","timestamp":1767068551992,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 HL146890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 HL146890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For older adults with critical illness, decisions about life\u2010sustaining therapies can be challenging. A time\u2010limited trial (TLT) is a collaborative care plan endorsed by experts in palliative and critical care to help navigate these challenges. TLTs entail trying life\u2010sustaining therapy for a defined duration. Response to treatment then informs whether to continue recovery\u2010directed care or shift focus exclusively to comfort. TLTs require collaboration among clinicians, patients, and\/or surrogate decision makers, yet there is little practical guidance on how to accomplish this. Thus, we sought to design a collaborative TLT planning tool and characterize its valued characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this qualitative study framed by human\u2010centered Design Thinking, we conducted a series of semi\u2010structured interviews (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925) and focus groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095) with 28 participants who were (1) older adults (age\u2009\u2265\u200965) with serious illness, (2) adults of any age with surrogate decision\u2010making experience for an older adult, and\/or (3) intensive care unit (ICU) physicians. We purposively sampled across a Midwestern state to achieve diverse representation and used the Rigorous and Accelerated Data Reduction (RADaR) technique for qualitative analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used participants' input to design the\n                      <jats:italic>ICU Care Plan<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a paper\u2010based tool consisting of a fillable template. The tool is designed to guide a collaborative TLT planning conversation among clinicians, patients, and surrogates and then serve as a visual summary of the care plan. Participants endorsed the tool as (1) creating a unified frame of reference for a complex process; (2) promoting transparency; and (3) setting and managing expectations. The tool exemplifies participants' design priorities of simplicity and flexibility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a human\u2010centered design process to develop a tool for in\u2010the\u2010moment TLT planning that is endorsed by older adults, surrogates, and ICU physicians. Low technology, intentionally simple interventions are a promising approach to promote patient\u2010 and family\u2010centered collaboration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.70155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:50:15Z","timestamp":1760406615000},"page":"3747-3756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The\n                    <scp>ICU<\/scp>\n                    Care Plan: Human\u2010Centered Design of a Tool to Support Time\u2010Limited Trials for Older Adults With Critical Illness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Mortenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin 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USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Demetrius B.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2247-4167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madison","family":"Polley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neera","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin 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