{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T01:05:46Z","timestamp":1784250346908,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000008","name":"Health Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4500387992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4500387992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT\u2010180242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT\u2010180242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n While fans are recommended for cooling at temperatures \u2264\u200940\u00b0C, the extent to which ceiling fans mitigate perceptual and physiological strain in older adults exposed to warm indoor environments (~31\u00b0C [87.8\u00b0F]) remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This follow\u2010up analysis of our randomized study used validated questionnaires to evaluate effects of ceiling fans on self\u2010reported heat\u2010related symptoms (68\u2010item Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire; ESQ\u2010IV) and mood\u2010state (40\u2010item Profile of Mood States questionnaire; POMS\u201040) in bed\u2010resting older adults during indoor overheating (8\u2009h; 31\u00b0C (87.8\u00b0F), 45% relative humidity). Twenty participants (median age [interquartile range]: 71 [68\u201373] years; 12 females) completed two sessions with a ceiling fan set to 0\u2009m\/s (control) or ~1.5\u2009m\/s (fan). Perceptual outcomes (ESQ\u2010IV, POMS\u201040) were assessed pre\u2010exposure and at end heating. Cumulative physiological strain was assessed using area\u2010under\u2010the\u2010curve (AUC) values for core temperature and heart rate over hours 0\u20138. End heating perceptual scores were evaluated using linear mixed\u2010effects models adjusted for pre\u2010exposure scores and fan condition (with\/without each physiological strain index).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Core temperature and heart rate increased 0.15 [0.06, 0.24]\u00b0C (0.27 [0.11, 0.43]\u00b0F;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003), and 1.5 [0.5, 3.4]\u2009bpm (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.135) per hour, respectively, with no\u2010fan compared with fan use. After adjusting for core temperature AUC (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.233), total symptom scores were 1.3\u2010fold [1.1, 1.7] higher with no\u2010fan (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.015). Heart rate AUC did not modify this effect (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.215); however, greater heart rate AUC was independently associated with higher symptom scores (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.042). Mood disturbance did not differ between fan conditions and was not significantly associated with physiological strain markers (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2265\u20090.187).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Ceiling fans alone do not fully mitigate perceptual or physiological strain in older adults exposed to prolonged indoor overheating. Nonetheless, a \u201cfan\u2010first\u201d strategy integrating fan use with ambient cooling may offer an accessible, energy\u2010efficient approach to enhance heat\u2010health protection in this population.<\/jats:p>\n \n Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n identifier: NCT06142890\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.70388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T03:51:02Z","timestamp":1773633062000},"page":"1703-1708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Ceiling Fans on Self\u2010Reported Symptoms and Mood\u2010State in Bed\u2010Resting Older Adults Exposed to Indoor Overheating"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7454-7373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory W.","family":"McGarr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9509-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fergus K.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"School of Allied Health, Sport and Social Work Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8683-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glen P.","family":"Kenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2024.2361223"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(24)00030-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.70109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-022-01477-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01569-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","volume-title":"ANSI\/ASHRAE Standard 55\u20132004: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy","author":"ASHRAE","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Preliminary Evidence for the Reliability and Validity of an Abbreviated Profile of Mood States","volume":"23","author":"Grove J. 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