{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T09:23:34Z","timestamp":1787822614459,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AG069176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AG069176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01RX003095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01RX003095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I50RX003430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I50RX003430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK1RX00363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK1RX00363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK2RX005294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2RX005294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with executive function problems may respond differently to physical therapy (PT) treatment than those without executive function problems. We examined the treatment response of a novel PT treatment known as Live Long Walk Strong (LLWS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was a preplanned secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial among middle\u2010 and older\u2010aged Veterans (\u2265\u200950\u2009years) with slow walking speed. Veterans with and without executive function deficits (EFD+\/EFD\u2010) received 8\u2009weeks of LLWS care. Changes after treatment in mobility (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), walking speed, Activity Measure for Post\u2010Acute Care) and executive function (Delis\u2013Kaplan Executive Function System Verbal Fluency (letter fluency, category fluency, category switching)) were evaluated according to baseline EFD status using mixed linear regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Veterans who completed the 8\u2009week LLWS treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009103) were included in this study (mean age 71), and 15% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915) were EFD+. Both mobility and executive function measures were significantly lower among participants with EFD+ at all timepoints (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Participants showed statistically and clinically significant improvements across all mobility outcomes over time (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with no significant interaction by time and EFD status (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.40). Statistically significant improvement was observed only in letter fluency (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) among the executive function measures. However, we observed statistically significant time by EFD status interactions for category switching fluency (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), favoring the EFD+ groups. Overall, participants with EFD had greater improvement in executive function compared to participants without EFD (mean composite z\u2010score increase of 0.38 SD units vs. 0.003 SD units, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LLWS treatment appears efficacious for improving mobility in individuals with and without EFD. LLWS treatment may also benefit aspects of executive function, particularly for Veterans with deficits in these cognitive domains. Future investigation of these questions within larger and more diverse cohorts is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.70459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T05:54:43Z","timestamp":1777442083000},"page":"2373-2379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does an Innovative\n                    <scp>PT<\/scp>\n                    Program Targeting Mobility Benefit Veterans With Executive Function Deficit?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0816-5195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa F.","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Boston  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7101-4141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebekah","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ildiko","family":"Halasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Milberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan F.","family":"Bean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475\u20106773.12284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010148\u20106\u2010200803180\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.2012.04209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010181173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arrct.2024.100383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2024.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2025.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.70040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15076"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arrct.2022.100205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.m85"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.2006.00701.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.11.1157"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e318186b7ca"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Delis\u2010Kaplan Executive Function System: Technical Manual","author":"Delis D. 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