{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T22:02:49Z","timestamp":1789855369554,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG075208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG075208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and disability in the United States. As the population ages, understanding trends in survival among stroke survivors is critical for healthcare planning and evaluating secondary prevention efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using longitudinal data from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (1996\u20132018; 39,084 individuals, 225,316 person\u2010wave observations), in which stroke status is self\u2010reported, we computed life expectancy at Age 50 (LE50) for those with and without a previous stroke history using discrete\u2010time multistate models (a Markov chain approach for panel data). Estimates were stratified by sex and compared across two 10\u2010year periods (1996\u20132006 vs. 2008\u20132018), with 95% confidence intervals obtained from 1000 bootstrap iterations. Cox proportional hazards models with progressively expanded covariate sets (sociodemographics, heart disease, BMI, insurance type, race\/ethnicity) were fitted as exploratory analyses to assess the robustness of stroke\u2013mortality associations to potential confounding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LE50 among individuals with a self\u2010reported previous stroke history at baseline increased by 3.1\u2009years (95% CI: 1.7\u20134.4) between 1996\u20132006 and 2008\u20132018 for both sexes combined, with men gaining 3.4\u2009years (2.0\u20134.8) and women 2.5\u2009years (0.8\u20134.3). Gains exceeded those in the general population (1.1\u2009years, 0.6\u20131.6). Point estimates suggested somewhat larger gains among men, though confidence intervals overlapped and a statistically significant sex difference could not be confirmed. For first\u2010time incident strokes during the observation period, post\u2010stroke survival showed no statistically significant change across periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long\u2010term consequences of stroke appear to be becoming less lethal, likely reflecting improvements in secondary prevention and post\u2010stroke long\u2010term care. Nonetheless, a gap of approximately 10\u2009years in LE50 between stroke survivors and the general population persisted in 2008\u20132018. Continued investment in both acute stroke care and long\u2010term secondary prevention remains essential to further close this gap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.70585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T15:40:38Z","timestamp":1783784438000},"page":"2583-2594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes in Life Expectancy After Stroke Among Americans Aged 50 and Above by Sex, 1996\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4148-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavio","family":"Bramajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antrophometrics and Historical Epidemiology Group, Institute for Evolutionary Medicine University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moumita","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics &amp; Data Science University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda","family":"Lisabeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(15)01225\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.08.093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(08)70193\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6635e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa053935"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010publhealth\u2010031210\u2010101211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207446"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.02.094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.120724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbac032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbab129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2025.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.027198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.4.FOCUS21117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"RAND Corporation \u201cHealth and Retirement Study RAND HRS Longitudinal File 2022 (V1) Public Use Dataset (Version 1) [Computer Software] \u201d2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(07)61602\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.31.7.1602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00324728.2025.2475435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2007.0022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963\u2010020\u201000217\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280802305945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"Demography, Measuring and Modelling Population Processes","author":"Preston S. 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