{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:03:21Z","timestamp":1782846201022,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with coeliac disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>) and those with noncoeliac gluten sensitivity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GS<\/jats:styled-content>) have reported difficulty following a gluten\u2010free diet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content>); however, few studies have explored the link between the food label, gluten\u2010free (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GF<\/jats:styled-content>) claims and the difficulty associated with following a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study surveyed adults with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01,583) and adults with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0797) about their reported difficulty following a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content>, including assessing the role of food labels and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GF<\/jats:styled-content> claims, as well as other factors known to contribute to this difficulty. A two\u2010sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test and chi\u2010squared tests for equality of means or proportions were used for the descriptive data and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">o<\/jats:styled-content>rdinal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">l<\/jats:styled-content>ogistic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">r<\/jats:styled-content>egression (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLR<\/jats:styled-content>) was used to model associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On average, individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GS<\/jats:styled-content> reported slightly more difficulty following the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content> than did participants with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>. According to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLR<\/jats:styled-content> results, reading the food label often was significantly associated with less reported difficulty following a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas consuming packaged processed foods and looking for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GF<\/jats:styled-content> claims more often were significantly associated with more reported difficulty for both respondent groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GS<\/jats:styled-content> may rely more heavily on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GF<\/jats:styled-content> claim for information about a product's gluten content. Individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>, on the other hand, may be more experienced food label readers and may rely more on the ingredient list for finding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GF<\/jats:styled-content> foods. More studies are needed aiming to understand the role of the food label in facilitating consumers' ability to follow a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T14:59:13Z","timestamp":1359039553000},"page":"479-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Food label usage and reported difficulty with following a gluten\u2010free diet among individuals in the <scp>USA<\/scp> with coeliac disease and those with noncoeliac gluten sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Verrill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition US Food and Drug Administration College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition US Food and Drug Administration College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition US Food and Drug Administration College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000004530.11738.a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.9.1215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05554-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984836","volume-title":"Logit Modeling, Practical Applications","author":"DeMaris A.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31816a8c9b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533611405538"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act 1938. 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