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The exchange list approach can provide clear and precise guidance on multiple dietary changes simultaneously. The present study aimed to develop exchange list diets for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>editerranean and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ealthy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>ating, and to evaluate adherence, dietary intakes and markers of health risks with each counselling approach in 120 subjects at increased risk for developing colon cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A randomised clinical trial was implemented in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content> involving telephone counselling. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>editerranean diet had 10 dietary goals targeting increases in mono\u2010unsaturated fats, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 fats, whole grains and the amount and variety of fruits and vegetables. The Healthy Eating diet had five dietary goals that were based on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US H<\/jats:styled-content>ealthy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>eople 2010 recommendations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dietary compliance was similar in both diet arms, with 82\u201388% of goals being met at 6\u00a0months, although subjects took more time to achieve the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>editerranean goals than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ealthy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>ating goals. The relatively modest fruit and vegetable goals in the Healthy Eating arm were exceeded, resulting in fruit and vegetable intakes of approximately eight servings per day in each arm after 6\u00a0months. A significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) weight loss and a decrease in serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010reactive protein concentrations were observed in the overweight\/obese subgroup of subjects in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>editerranean arm in the absence of weight loss goals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Counselling for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>editerranean diet may be useful for both improving diet quality and for achieving a modest weight loss in overweight or obese individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T01:06:10Z","timestamp":1381539970000},"page":"413-425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Development of exchange lists for <scp>M<\/scp>editerranean and <scp>H<\/scp>ealthy <scp>E<\/scp>ating <scp>D<\/scp>iets: implementation in an intervention trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Sidahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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