{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:25:34Z","timestamp":1792189534679,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A gluten\u2010free diet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content>) requires tremendous dedication, involving substantive changes to diet and lifestyle that may have a significant impact upon quality of life. The present study aimed io assess dietary adherence, knowledge of a GFD, and the emotional and lifestyle impact of a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Community dwelling adults following a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content> completed a questionnaire with items related to reasons for avoiding gluten, diagnostic testing, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content> adherence, knowledge and sources of information about a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content>, the Work and Social Adjustment Scale, and the effect of a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content> diet on lifestyle, feelings and behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Strict <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content> adherence among the 222 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">coeliac disease (CD)<\/jats:styled-content> patients was 56%. Non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> individuals (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a038) were more likely to intentionally ingest gluten (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">odds ratio<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a03.7; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">confidence interval<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.4\u20139.4). The adverse impact of a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content> was modest but most pronounced in the social domain. Eating shifted from the public to the domestic sphere and there were feelings of social isolation. Affective responses reflected resilience because acceptance and relief were experienced more commonly than anxiety or anger. Non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> respondents were less knowledgeable and less likely to consult health professionals. They experienced less anger and depression and greater pleasure in eating than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> respondents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings obtained in the present suggest there is good potential for positive adaptation to the demands of a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content>; nevertheless, there is a measurable degree of social impairment that merits further study. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content> may be a viable treatment option for conditions other than CD; however, education strategies regarding the need for diagnostic testing to exclude CD are required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T05:49:01Z","timestamp":1429508941000},"page":"374-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Living gluten\u2010free: adherence, knowledge, lifestyle adaptations and feelings towards a gluten\u2010free diet"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J. 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