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The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of maternal supplementation with vitamin A on the concentration of retinol and \u03b1\u2010tocopherol in human milk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy puerperal women were randomly distributed into a control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 44) and a supplemented group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 44). Blood and colostrum samples were collected after delivery, and mature milk samples were collected 30 days later. The supplemented group received 200 000 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IU<\/jats:styled-content> of retinyl palmitate after the first colostrum collection. The retinol and \u03b1\u2010tocopherol levels in the samples were determined by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">high\u2010performance liquid chromatography<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean (SD) retinol and \u03b1\u2010tocopherol levels in the maternal serum were considered adequate at 46.4 (15.9) and 1023.6 (380.4) \u03bcg <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dL<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively. The colostrum retinol levels of the supplemented group increased significantly 24 h after the intervention (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). However, the retinol levels in the mature milk of both groups did not differ (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Moreover, after maternal supplementation with vitamin A, the colostrum \u03b1\u2010tocopherol level decreased by 16.4%, which is a significant reduction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). However, vitamin A supplementation did not affect the \u03b1\u2010tocopherol level of mature milk (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal supplementation with high doses of vitamin A increased the colostrum level of this nutrient but reduced the bioavailability of \u03b1\u2010tocopherol, which may harm the newborn's health because newborns have limited vitamin E reserves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,27]],"date-time":"2016-05-27T05:34:56Z","timestamp":1464327296000},"page":"652-661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Maternal supplementation with a megadose of vitamin A reduces colostrum level of \u03b1\u2010tocopherol: a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"E. 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