{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T21:49:45Z","timestamp":1766180985340,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the effects of carbohydrate, particularly any association between dietary glycaemic index or glycaemic load and uninvestigated heartburn or uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia in the community. The present study aimed to determine associations between dietary glycaemic index or glycaemic load and uninvestigated heartburn or uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in 2987 adults. Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load were estimated using a validated food\u2010frequency questionnaire. Uninvestigated heartburn and uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia were determined using a modified and validated version of the Rome <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After controlling for various confounders, high glycaemic load was associated with an increased risk of uninvestigated heartburn [odds ration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR)<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.75; 95% confidence interval <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.03, 2.97; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04] and uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 2.14; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.04, 4.37; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04) in men but not in women. In normal\u2010weight individuals, high glycaemic index was related to an increased risk of uninvestigated heartburn (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.52; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.07, 2.15; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) and high glycaemic load to an increased risk of uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>=1.78; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.05, 3.01; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). No significant associations were observed in subjects with excess body weight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data suggest that there are <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">body mass index<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 and sex\u2010specific associations between dietary carbohydrate quality with uninvestigated heartburn and uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T02:22:43Z","timestamp":1498011763000},"page":"714-723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load and upper gastrointestinal disorders: results from the <scp>SEPAHAN<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"A.H.","family":"Keshteli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine 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