{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T18:49:02Z","timestamp":1774896542272,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,26]],"date-time":"2019-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grand Challenges Canada-Stars in Reproductive, Maternal and Newborn Health"},{"name":"Green Hope Organization"},{"name":"CREATES"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Micronutrients comprised of vitamin and mineral nutrients that are needed during pregnancy for foetal growth, development and maturation, as well as for reducing\/preventing maternal complications. However, micronutrient\u2010rich foods (vegetables and fruits) are lacking in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area as a result of restrictions on cultivation in conservation areas and the unavailability of vegetables and fruits in local markets. The present study introduced a food basket intervention and assessed the effectiveness of the food baskets with respect to addressing anaemia, vitamin A and iron deficiencies among pregnant Maasai women within the Ngorongoro Conservation Area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The quasi\u2010experimental study included Misigiyo ward as a control group (provided education only) and Olbalbal ward as an intervention group (provided food baskets and education). The study assessed haemoglobin, serum ferritin and retinol at baseline and during follow\u2010up. Haemoglobin, serum ferritin and retinol were quantitatively (duplicate) measured with HemoCue\u2122 (HemoCue AB, \u00c4ngelholm, Sweden), Maglumi 800 (Snibe Diagnostic, Shenzhen, China) and vitamin A enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Dependent and independent <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests were used to compare the micronutrient blood levels between and within the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study found a statistically significant increase in serum retinol (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) in the intervention group compared to the control group; moreover, baseline serum retinol was positively associated with the follow\u2010up serum retinol, whereas baseline haemoglobin and serum ferritin were negatively associated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The food basket intervention holds promise with repect to reducing micronutrient deficiency, especially in communities where micronutrient\u2010rich foods are scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T05:18:17Z","timestamp":1558934297000},"page":"625-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Food\u2010basket intervention to reduce micronutrient deficiencies among Maasai\u2010pregnant women in Tanzania: a quasi\u2010experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1751-1002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Mshanga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutrition Sciences The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutrition Sciences The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Petrucka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.116327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7031744"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2000314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00186.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Global Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations at Risk (1995\u20132005)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Community Development Gender Elderly and Children Ministry of Health National Bureau of Statistics and ICF International(2016)Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey.Dar es salaam:MoHCDGEC."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Review on iron and its importance for human health","volume":"19","author":"Abbaspour N","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJRMS"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/630519"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.123463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845937140.0000","volume-title":"Combating Micronutrient Deficiencies: Food\u2010based Approaches","author":"Thompson B","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization(2001)Food\u2010based approaches to meeting vitamin and mineral needs. 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