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Internationally, vitamin D intakes are commonly below recommendations, although estimates generally rely on food composition data that do not include 25(OH)D. We aimed to estimate usual vitamin D intakes in the Australian population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nationally representative food consumption data were collected for Australians aged \u2265\u00a02\u00a0years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912,153) as part of the cross\u2010sectional 2011\u20132013 Australian Health Survey (AHS). New analytical vitamin D food composition data for vitamin D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 25(OH)D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      , vitamin D\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and 25(OH)D\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      were mapped to foods and beverages that were commonly consumed by AHS participants. Usual vitamin D intakes (\u00b5g\u00a0day\n                      <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) by sex and age group were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Assuming a 25(OH)D bioactivity factor of 1, mean daily intakes of vitamin D ranged between 1.84 and 3.25\u2009\u00b5g\u00a0day\n                      <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Compared to the estimated average requirement of 10\u2009\u00b5g\u00a0day\n                      <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                      recommended by the Institute of Medicine, more than 95% of people had inadequate vitamin D intakes. We estimated that no participant exceeded the Institute of Medicine's Upper Level of Intake (63\u2013100\u2009\u00b5g\u00a0day\n                      <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                      , depending on age group).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Usual vitamin D intakes in Australia are low. This evidence, paired with the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Australia, suggests that data\u2010driven nutrition policy is required to safely increase dietary intakes of vitamin D and improve vitamin D status at the population level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.13002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T04:50:25Z","timestamp":1646628625000},"page":"203-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Evidence of low vitamin D intakes in the Australian population points to a need for data\u2010driven nutrition policy for improving population vitamin D status"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9139-015X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University  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