{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:04:42Z","timestamp":1787789082825,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contaminated blenderised tube feeding (BTF) causes numerous infections in patients with deficient immune systems. The microbial quality of BTF should be thoroughly monitored to reduce the risks of microbial agents and prevent food safety problems such as food poisoning and food\u2010borne illnesses. The aim of this study was to survey the contamination rate of BTF samples prepared in the teaching hospitals in Mashhad, Iran.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted on 24 samples of BTF prepared in four teaching hospitals in Mashhad city; the samples were collected randomly. Then specific culture media were used for detected and counted <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>, coliforms and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. The final confirmation of the isolates was performed using polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total bacterial count was determined in the BTF samples and compared with the Food and Drug Administration medical food standards; 91.6% of the samples had 5.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u2009log CFU\/ml microbial bacterial contamination considering the standard range. The mean prevalence of contamination in these samples was measured for coliforms 4.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17\u2009log CFU\/ml, <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> 3.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16\u2009log CFU\/ml, <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15\u2009log CFU\/ml and <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic> 4.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u2009log CFU\/ml (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> 11 (45.8%), <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. 9 (37.5%) and <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> 17 (70.8%) samples were detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the high consumption of BTF and the transmission of food contamination to hospitalised patients, it is essential to improve the hygienic conditions at the site of BTF preparation to prevent re\u2010contamination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.13066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T10:47:00Z","timestamp":1657709220000},"page":"181-190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Microbiological quality of hospital\u2010prepared blenderised tube feeding"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Shiva","family":"Adibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Toxicology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Afshari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Toxicology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdolreza","family":"Norouzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Nematy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ehsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9998-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Toxicology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533615594012"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients in Taleghani Hospital in Tehran","volume":"13","author":"Hosseinpour\u2010Niazi S","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gorgan Univ Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Bacterial contamination and nutritional adequacy of enteral tube feedings in Iran","volume":"19","author":"Mahinkazemi M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.09.017"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"604","article-title":"Bacterial safety of commercial and handmade enteral feeds in an Iranian teaching hospital","volume":"5","author":"Baniardalan M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"issue":"30","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"704","article-title":"Home\u2010prepared enteral tube feeding: evaluation of microbiological contamination, hygiene, and the profile of the food handler","volume":"36","author":"Galindo CdO","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-838246220131141"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Evaluation of the microbial contamination of hospital\u2010made enteral feedings","volume":"8","author":"Lopes KRR","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alim. 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