{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T11:07:59Z","timestamp":1772276879672,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess health\u2010related QOL in tube\u2010fed patients, Zeng's Tube\u2010feeding Index (ZTI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Expert consultations, patient interviews, and literature reviews were used to design the draft items. Four rounds of expert and patient review were conducted to refine the items. A preliminary survey was conducted for the dimension division. In 2024, a formal study involving 419 tube\u2010fed patients was conducted to validate the ZTI. The primary diagnoses were haemorrhagic stroke (83, 19.81%), ischaemic stroke (156, 37.23%), traumatic brain injury (70, 16.71%), neurodegenerative diseases (58, 13.84%), head and neck cancer (11, 2.26%), sarcopenia (16, 3.81%), and others (25, 5.97%), respectively. The Cronbach's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      coefficient was used to measure internal consistency. Spearman's correlation was used to measure test\u2010retest reliability. The Dysphagia Handicap Index and subjective QOL scores were used to measure the construct validity. Ten independent experts were included to evaluate content validity. Factor analyses were used for structural validity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ZTI has four dimensions, with a total of 23 items, using a Likert 4\u2010point scale. The Cronbach's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      coefficients were &gt;\u20090.8 for dimensions and = 0.889 for the scale. The Spearman correlation coefficients were &gt;\u20090.7 for items or dimensions, and = 0.802 for the scale (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The ZTI showed significant correlations with the Dysphagia Handicap Index and subjective QOL scores in both the total scores and each dimension (|\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      |\u2009&gt;\u20090.7,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The content validity indices were \u2265\u20090.8 for items, dimensions, and the scale. The Exploratory Factor Analysis identified four factors that collectively explained &gt;\u200980% of the variance and built a four\u2010dimensional model. The model showed a good fit through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ZTI is a validated tool for assessing tube\u2010feeding\u2010related QOL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T09:26:41Z","timestamp":1750066001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and Validation of a Scale to Assess Health\u2010Related Quality of Life in Tube\u2010Fed Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3295-1260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongji","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Dysphagia Research Institution Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6079-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dysphagia Research Institution Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanxi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dysphagia Research Institution Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Geriatric hospital of Heilongjiang Province Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dysphagia Research Institution Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-022-10525-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9695-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112137-20221116-02407"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051562"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"Practical Rehabilitation Techniques for Dysphagia","author":"Xi Z.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-2922"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.suppl_7.vii1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02414430"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000528451"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119375241.ch20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2019.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2021_PERSP-21-00162"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-011-9336-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-001-0109-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0000000000000397"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31100460"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v12.i1.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33879\/AMH.154.2023.07068"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2023.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1829-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(94)90129-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112673"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-024-08912-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1791979"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-736"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2024.07.2164"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03495-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-013-9511-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2018.25.6.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12102\/j.issn.1009-6493.2024.20.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20147"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1444"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930241306916"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12908"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000068970.34812.8b"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2024.108593"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-024-10716-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-024-10744-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-020-10181-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-001-0113-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jhn.70077","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T12:32:33Z","timestamp":1756989153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jhn.70077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jhn.70077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jhn.70077","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JHN.70077\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JHN.70077\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JHN.70077\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JHN.70077\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JHN.70077\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0952-3871","1365-277X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3871","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-277X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70077"}}