{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:50:24Z","timestamp":1791589824308,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current clinical guidelines for chronic constipation offer limited dietary recommendations. The aim of this project was to develop the first comprehensive evidence\u2010based dietary guidelines for the management of chronic constipation in adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses were performed to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The findings generated from the meta\u2010analyses were then used to develop guideline statements using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and a Delphi consensus survey among a multi\u2010disciplinary expert Guideline Steering Committee. Recommendation statements were produced for treatment response, stool output, gut symptoms, adverse events, and quality of life, and only based on the findings where \u2265\u20092 RCTs contributed to the meta\u2010analysis. The strength of recommendation was assessed using the GRADE approach. Consensus voting amongst the Guideline Steering Committee was performed using a modified Delphi survey approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The four systematic reviews included a total of 75 RCTs. Fifty\u2010nine dietary recommendation statements were generated and accepted through the Delphi survey. For dietary supplements, 15 recommendation statements relate to fibre supplements, 20 relate to probiotics, 2 to synbiotics, 5 to magnesium oxide, 2 to senna, and 3 to kiwifruit supplements. For foods, three recommendation statements related to kiwifruits, two to prunes, and two to rye bread. For drinks, five recommendation statements related to high mineral\u2010containing water. No recommendations were made for whole diet approaches due to a lack of evidence. Twelve statements had a very low level of evidence, 39 had a low level of evidence, and 8 had moderate evidence. Twenty\u2010seven statements were strong recommendations, and 32 were qualified recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These are the first comprehensive evidence\u2010based dietary guidelines for the management of constipation based upon a robust systematic review and GRADE processes. Recommendations were made for dietary supplements, foods and drinks that have never been previously included in clinical guidelines, and can now be rapidly implemented into clinical practice, thereby improving clinical care and patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.70133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:56:28Z","timestamp":1760406988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["British Dietetic Association Guidelines for the Dietary Management of Chronic Constipation in Adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0140-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirini","family":"Dimidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"van der Schoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Road Surgery Rickmansworth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam D.","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology St Louis University Hospital St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9369-8115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miranda C.","family":"Lomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences King's College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Mark","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5414-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Whelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Systematic Review on the Management of Chronic Constipation in North America","volume":"100","author":"Brandt L. 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