{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:45:00Z","timestamp":1792691100057,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dental caries and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are prevalent especially in developing children. There seems to be an association between these two variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate this association among children and adolescents using a systematic review and umbrella meta\u2010analysis technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The PRISMA reference databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for all records published before January 2025. Meta\u2010analyses that evaluated the association among &lt;\u200918\u2010year\u2010olds were included. Parameters like odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to compare between the groups.\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 and Cochran's Q (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2) tests were used for measuring heterogeneity, whereas Egger's test was utilised to measure publication bias. A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) was used to assess the quality of the meta\u2010analyses. The degree of certainty of the outcomes was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of five meta\u2010analyses were included. Children with IDA were significantly over three times more likely to have dental caries than children without anemia (OR\u2009=\u20093.64, 95% CI: 2.45 to 5.40,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001. Heterogeneity:\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2\u2009=\u200980%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007. Publication bias:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.14. GRADE: Moderate). The pooled analysis for serum ferritin showed a tendency toward lower ferritin level in children with caries; but without statistical significance (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22123.96, 95% CI: \u22128.48 to 0.57,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.087. Heterogeneity:\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2\u2009=\u200966.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031. Publication bias:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003. GRADE: Very low). Children with dental caries had lower haemoglobin levels, but the finding was not significant with high level of heterogeneity and publication bias (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22122.20\u2009g\/dL, 95% CI: \u22124.59 to 0.19,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.071. Heterogeneity: 80.%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006. Publication bias:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005. GRADE: Very low). Children with caries had lower MCV, but this result was non\u2010significant with evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.96\u2009fL, 95% CI: \u22124.02 to 0.10,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.062. Heterogeneity:\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2\u2009=\u200957.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.096. Publication bias:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041. GRADE: Very low).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dental caries was more prevalent among anemic children compared to non\u2010anemic ones with a low level of certainty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.70149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:30:19Z","timestamp":1761629419000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Umbrella Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Taib","family":"Fatih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Komar University of Science and Technology Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8093-9514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Khalid","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix\u2010Marseille University, French National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), French Blood Establishment (EFS), Bio\u2010Cultural Anthropology, Law Ethics and Health Laboratory (ADES) Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yad Mariwan Mohammed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Tishk International University Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara Ali","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry Sulaymaniyah University Sulaymaniyah Iraq"},{"name":"College of Dentistry American University of Sulaymaniyah Iraq AUIS Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zana Fuad","family":"Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry American University of Sulaymaniyah Iraq AUIS Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Handren Ameer","family":"Kurda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry Sulaymaniyah University Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Aso","family":"Abdulghafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry Sulaymaniyah University Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balen Hamid","family":"Qadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Komar University of Science and Technology Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hevi Nihad Mohammed","family":"Fadhil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Komar University of Science and Technology Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herve","family":"Tassery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School of Medicine, Conservative and Endodontic Department Aix\u2010Marseille University Marseille France"},{"name":"Marseille Hospital APHM IHU\u2010MEPHI Institute Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Tardivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix\u2010Marseille University, French National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), French Blood Establishment (EFS), Bio\u2010Cultural Anthropology, Law Ethics and Health Laboratory (ADES) Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix\u2010Marseille University, French National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), French Blood Establishment (EFS), Bio\u2010Cultural Anthropology, Law Ethics and Health Laboratory (ADES) Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12152"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"744","article-title":"Dental Caries","volume":"34","author":"Khan S. 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