{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:09:41Z","timestamp":1778256581634,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during pregnancy is linked to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Deficiency may result from low cutaneous synthesis, poor dietary intake, or metabolic disruptions. In Sub\u2010Saharan Africa (SSA), diverse climates, diets, and health systems may influence VDD prevalence, yet comprehensive data remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the pooled proportion of VDD among pregnant women in SSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis were conducted on studies reporting VDD among pregnant women in SSA. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, HINARI, Google, and Google Scholar without restrictions on language or study period. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity was examined using Cochrane's Q and\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 statistics. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test at a 5% significance level. A random\u2010effects model was used to estimated the pooled proportion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty observational studies with 6853 pregnant women were included. Reported proportion ranged from 99.2% in Sudan to 1.6% in Zimbabwe. The pooled proportion of VDD was 34.8% (95% CI: 20.75, 48.76) with significant heterogeneity (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2\u2009=\u200999.83%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Subgroup analysis showed the highest proportion in East Africa at 45.65% (95% CI: 17.68\u201373.63) and the lowest in Southern Africa at 13.83% (95% CI: 2.99\u201324.67). Most studies were high\u2010quality, facility\u2010based, and predominantly single\u2010center.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VDD is common among pregnant women in SSA, particularly in East Africa, and may worsen maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Public health strategies, such as nutrition education and supplementation programs alongside food fortification policies are needed to reduce vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.70189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T13:33:59Z","timestamp":1766756039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D Deficiency Among Pregnant Women in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Mekuriaw Nibret","family":"Aweke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meron 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