{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:48:18Z","timestamp":1778719698272,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed dental caries prevalence and dietary habits among elite athletes in Ireland, and analysed dietary intake with particular focus on potentially cariogenic foods and nutrients to determine associations between potentially cariogenic dietary factors and dental caries prevalence using cluster analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of elite athletes. Oral examinations were performed by calibrated examiners using validated indices, including the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) to assess dental caries at both individual and tooth levels. Demographics and lifestyle metrics were recorded using a web\u2010based platform, while dietary information was collected using multiple 24\u2010h dietary recalls (24HR) via FoodBook24. Clustering, profiling of clusters and and binary logistic regression were used to determine if associations exist between dental caries prevalence and potentially cariogenic food groups or nutrients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty\u2010eight athletes from seven sports participated, with a mean age of 25.6 years (SD 5.7) and 63% male. The prevalence of untreated dental caries (ICDAS\u2009\u2265\u20093) was 90% at an individual level (presence of caries in any tooth in an individual) and 13% at tooth level (percentage of teeth affected in the population). The mean energy intake was 2678\u2009\u00b1\u20091352\u2009kcal\/day, mean sugar intake was 128\u2009\u00b1\u200994\u2009g\/day and mean starch intake was 169\u2009\u00b1\u200990\u2009g\/day. Cluster analysis identified two distinct groups based on caries prevalence, diet, age, gender, and ethnicity. Binary logistic regression revealed a significant association between cariogenic starch intake from snacks and cluster membership (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found a high prevalence of untreated carious lesions in this cohort, exceeding previously reported levels for elite athletes. Cluster analysis revealed that nutrient consumption patterns, particularly the timing of starch intake, may provide insights beyond those offered by traditional food\u2010group classifications for understanding dietary factors associated with caries risk. These findings underscore the need for prioritising dietary advice and caries prevention strategies in this population, with particular attention on snacking patterns rather than focusing solely on cariogenic food categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.70203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T03:43:53Z","timestamp":1768967033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diet and Dental Caries in Elite Athletes in Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5503-6399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry &amp; Periodontology Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry &amp; Periodontology Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8783-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lewis","family":"Winning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry &amp; Periodontology Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Cassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry &amp; Periodontology Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aifric","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Madigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of Limerick Limerick Ireland"},{"name":"Sport Ireland Institute National Sports Campus, Abbotstown Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Human Performance Dublin City University Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry &amp; Periodontology Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19424396.2005.12223892"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1038489"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.075283"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"The Prevalence of Oral Health Problems in Participants of the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona","volume":"44","author":"Soler Badia D.","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Dental Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"The Dental Condition of Olympic Games Contestants\u2014A Pilot Study, 1968","volume":"20","author":"Forrest J. 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