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Resting metabolic rate (RMR) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA), serum hormones, and appetite feelings were evaluated at baseline and after 1 week of prescribed diet at 60% the total energy expenditure. Early adaptive thermogenesis (AT) was calculated using measured and predicted RMR. Data were evaluated using ANCOVA and linear mixed\u2010effects model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After adjustment for RMR at baseline and body composition, RMR after 1 week was similar between groups (\u03b2_group = 47\u2009\u00b1\u200932\u2009kcal\/day;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.148). Early AT was significantly lower in the TRE\u2009+\u2009ER group (\u221213\u2009\u00b1\u2009160\u2009kcal\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . \u221283\u2009\u00b1\u2009150\u2009kcal;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038). After a week of energy restriction, leptin, insulin, and TSH concentrations decreased in both groups (time effect,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) with no group x time interaction. The feeling of hunger increased after 1 week only in the CER group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that TRE modestly attenuate early AT, but this effect does not translate into differences in RMR after 1 week. Hormonal and appetite responses were also not substantially affected by TRE. Further studies are needed to determine whether the modest early effects of TRE translate into clinically meaningful long\u2010term benefits for weight management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.70293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T03:55:04Z","timestamp":1781236504000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Time\u2010Restricted Eating on Metabolic Adaptation in Adults With Severe Obesity During Early Phase of Weight Loss"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4107-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Almeida","family":"de Moraes Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Institute State University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0144-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raiane Lira Freitas","family":"Brasil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Institute State University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6594-4323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via Fioruci","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Institute State University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-021-00587-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-016-0237-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.109173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-024-07104-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-081399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"World Obesity Federation World Obesity Atlas 2024. 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