{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T11:07:49Z","timestamp":1783940869055,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the accuracy of visually estimating thickened liquid volume via video\u2010observed conditions and to determine whether clinical experience or thickener composition influences judgement reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional online survey was administered to 57 practising speech\u2010language pathologists (SLPs) and 50 postgraduate SLP students. Participants viewed four 12\u2010s videos of fluids prepared to explicit International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative consistencies (Levels 1, 2 and 4) using starch and xanthan gum thickeners. Participants estimated the volumetric amount of thickener (in product\u2010specific scoops) added to each sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall accuracy was low, with no significant difference between students (49.5%) and practitioners (47.4%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.60). Combined cohort analysis showed that years of clinical practice alone were not associated with improved fluid estimation accuracy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.38). Students significantly outperformed practitioners in identifying Level 4 starch\u2010based liquids (88.0% vs. 68.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028) but were inaccurate in identifying Level 4 xanthan gum\u2010based liquids (2.0% vs. 29.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual fluid estimation via video is highly variable, and clinical experience alone was not associated with improved accuracy in this cohort. To optimise patient safety and prevent secondary complications like dehydration from over\u2010thickening, multidisciplinary teams should supplement subjective clinical judgement with objective ways to ensure patients are receiving the appropriate level of thickened liquids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.70294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:23:06Z","timestamp":1781842986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accuracy of Visual Inspection of Thickened Liquids: Implications for Multidisciplinary Dysphagia Management and Clinical Nutrition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8150-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond","family":"Fong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Institute of Human Communicative Research The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie C. Y.","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Institute of Human Communicative Research The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-014-9578-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fhfh.2021.100038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-006-9050-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-7-200804010-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/013)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_AJSLP-22-00380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2009.00944.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215516677739"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2005\/003)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9758-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-018-0197-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzac032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-S-18-0448"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921500667340586"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jhn.70294","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jhn.70294","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jhn.70294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:47:31Z","timestamp":1783939651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jhn.70294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jhn.70294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jhn.70294","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3871","1365-277X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3871","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-277X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70294"}}