{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:22:01Z","timestamp":1787732521588,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Food policies and standards regulate school meal equity and quality, yet there is a complex system involved in translating and implementing these standards. To catalyze systems\u2010level thinking in school meals, stakeholders across the supply chain were asked to collaborate in examining the role of dairy as representative of broader food system opportunities and challenges in California school meals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive case study applied the What, So What, Now What reflective framework, 19 phone interviews of school nutrition directors and dairy processors, conducted from August to September 2024, logged current practices, infrastructures, supports and insights. Results informed an in\u2010person convening of 40 supply chain stakeholders in January 2025. At the convening, three presentations, four themed small\u2010group dialogues and a strategic planning session sought options for improving student wellness by modifying the school meal system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interviews focused on the \u201cwhat,\u201d gathering facts about procurement, nutrition and policy compliance challenges. Convening dialogues focused on the \u201cso what,\u201d making meaning of the challenges and expanding knowledge on dairy innovation and the future of school meals from different perspectives across the supply chain. The strategic planning session (the \u201cnow what\u201d) revealed opportunities that were shaped into actionable next steps emphasizing farm\u2010to\u2010cafeteria nutrition education, incorporating a wider cultural variety of dairy foods and activating local food system partnerships and professional development across the food supply chain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collaboration and structured systems thinking identified next steps for dairy that support the supply chain from processors to foodservice professionals to student consumers. Using a systems thinking framework allowed stakeholders to understand the issues more objectively, consider different perspectives and identify actionable solutions. Outcomes also suggest supply chain collaboration can be a replicable blueprint for troubleshooting other institutional food systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.70332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T08:11:46Z","timestamp":1786522306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reimagining School Meals From a Systems Thinking Perspective: A Case Study of School Meal Supply Chain Collaboration in California"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4371-7675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"DeLisio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEO Dairy Council of California Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3725-8434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannan","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Officer, Initiatives, Education &amp; Engagement Dairy Council of California Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"McClelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Initiatives &amp; Engagement Director Dairy Council of California Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Services Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020\u20132025 2020[Accessed 25 August 2025].https:\/\/www.dietaryguidelines.gov\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"USDA Food and Nutrition Service 28 January Updates to the School Nutrition Standards 2025[Accessed 16 August 2025].https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/cn\/school-nutrition-standards-updates."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"California Department of Education School Nutrition [Accessed 16 August 2025].https:\/\/www.cde.ca.gov\/ls\/nu\/sn\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Systems concepts in action: A practitioner's toolkit","author":"R H.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1350507607083204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Reach, Touch, and Teach: Student Concerns andProcess Education","author":"T B.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"F.D J.M andG.Rolfe \u201cCritical Reflection for Nursing and the Helping Professions: A User's Guide.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"S.McLeod What? So What? Now What? Critical Reflection Model 3 September Simply Psychology 2024 https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2015.0019"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Purchasing Power of Collaboration","volume":"42","author":"Rosenthal A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Child Nutrition and Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"What Role Does Taste Play in School Meal Studies? A Narrative Review of the Literature","volume":"42","author":"Guerrero K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Child Nutrition and Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"\u201cReflection Toolkit: What? So what? Now what? 15 October (The University of Edinburgh) \u201d2024[Accessed 8 September 2025].https:\/\/reflection.ed.ac.uk\/reflectors-toolkit\/reflecting-on-experience\/what-so-what-now-what."}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jhn.70332","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jhn.70332","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jhn.70332","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:02:54Z","timestamp":1787731374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jhn.70332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jhn.70332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jhn.70332","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3871","1365-277X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3871","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-277X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70332"}}