{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:59:52Z","timestamp":1790002792159,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Human Nutrition Diet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the levels of muscle appearance satisfaction and ergogenic aid use among adult male amateur bodybuilders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this descriptive cross\u2010sectional study, a questionnaire containing demographic information, the \u201cNutrition Ergogenic Supplement Attitude Measurement (NESAM)\u201d for ergogenic aid use, and the \u201cMuscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS)\u201d, and anthropometric measurements were taken using a BIA analysis device (Tanita DC360). Data were analyzed using the SPSS v27 software package (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The participants' mean BMI was 25.37\u2009\u00b1\u20092.53\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , while the mean body fat percentage was 14.60\u2009\u00b1\u20095.61%. While 54.8% of participants used ergogenic supplements, the majority (72.9%) did so on their own initiative. According to NESAM results, the highest average score was observed in the \u201cBenefit\u201d subscale, the total MASS score showed positive correlations with benefit (r\u2009=\u20090.207,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), natural nutrition (r\u2009=\u20090.231,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and total NESAM scores (r\u2009=\u20090.196,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In multiple linear regression analysis, the NESAM total score remained an independent predictor of the MASS total score (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.312,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Additionally, while BMI was negatively associated with muscle dissatisfaction (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.213,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), upper arm circumference was positively correlated with bodybuilding dependence (r\u2009=\u20090.323,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among male bodybuilders, attitudes toward ergogenic supplements were independently associated with muscle appearance satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.70352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:01:11Z","timestamp":1789999271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Muscle Dysmorphia and the Use of Nutritional Ergogenic Supplements Among Amateur Male Bodybuilders: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7042-9185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra Tansu","family":"Sar\u0131yer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences University of Health Sciences Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1878-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvan Y\u0131lmaz","family":"Aky\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences University of Health Sciences Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1565-9046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahin","family":"Yesildag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences Demiroglu Bilim University Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192215119","article-title":"Body Image Perception in Adolescents: The Role of Sports Practice and Sex","volume":"19","author":"Toselli S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1372331","article-title":"Associations Between Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Body Image in Athletes: A Systematic Review","volume":"15","author":"Webb M. 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