{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:26:31Z","timestamp":1767374791873},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,6]],"date-time":"2014-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Invest &amp; Clin Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Highly\u2010active antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content>) has been associated with alterations in subgingival biofilm and periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content> regimens and the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subgingival periodontal pathogens were determined by a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> chip microarray in a case series in 14 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content> with different drug combinations: protease inhibitor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010based <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content> versus non\u2010nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNRTI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010based <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content>. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content> regimens were associated with 10 periodontal pathogens using odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline and after treatment, the patients did not show significant clinical and immunological differences. In general, the highest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> for the prevalence of periodontal pathogens were found in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI HAART<\/jats:styled-content> group for <jats:italic>Actinomyces viscosus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>A.\u00a0viscosus<\/jats:italic>) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 303), <jats:italic>Campylobacter rectus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 90), and <jats:italic>Treponema denticola<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 25). In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNRTI HAART<\/jats:styled-content> group, higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> were documented for <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 56) and <jats:italic>Eikenella corrodens<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 25). The association between <jats:italic>A.\u00a0viscosus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI HAART<\/jats:styled-content> was statistically significant (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results demonstrated statistical associations between subgingival bacteria and antiretroviral drug therapies. Further investigation on the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms are needed to support these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,6]],"date-time":"2014-10-06T07:31:41Z","timestamp":1412580701000},"page":"65-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Influence of highly\u2010active antiretroviral therapy on the subgingival biofilm in <scp>HIV<\/scp>\u2010infected patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rainer A.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry Faculty of Health Witten\/Herdecke University Witten Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Lucaciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry Faculty of Health Witten\/Herdecke University Witten Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1265","article-title":"Periodontitis as an early presentation of HIV infection","volume":"144","author":"Tenenbaum H","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(92)90186-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120802511877"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2010.01727.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2000.290708.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04578-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10872910050206540"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-7-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1601-0825.2003.00994.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338445"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1995.66.6.421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2007.0159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350410001522"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1992.tb00022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2002.290313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090241"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Impairment of polymorphnuclear leucocyte function in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and with lymphadenopathy syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Lazzarin A","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"806","article-title":"Mononuclear and polymorphnuclear leucocyte dysfunction in male homosexuals with AIDS","volume":"66","author":"Ras GJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515642"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.1999.260605.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-3109(99)00035-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Clinical treatment outcomes of periodontal therapy in HIV\u2010seropositive patients undergoing highly antiretroviral therapy","volume":"11","author":"Jordan RA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.15.e417"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"E85","article-title":"Oral lesions and immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV+\/AIDS patients receiving highly active anti\u2010retroviral therapy. 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