{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:21:35Z","timestamp":1790310095410,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Invest &amp; Clin Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metformin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>), used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, has shown to possess properties favoring osteoblastic proliferation. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content> 1% gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study comprised 65 individuals divided into two groups: 1% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content> and placebo gel with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content>. Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3\u00a0months, and 6\u00a0months; they included plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>), and clinical attachment level (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content>). Intrabony defect depth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>) was evaluated at the end of 6\u00a0months using computer\u2010aided software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> reduction, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content> gain, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> depth reduction were found to be greater in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content> group than in the placebo group at all visits. The percentage of defect depth reduction was significantly greater in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content> group (26.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.52%) than in the placebo sites (4.79\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.30%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>One percent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content> was found to significantly improve clinical and radiographic parameters in intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T17:23:32Z","timestamp":1426699412000},"page":"239-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Efficacy of locally\u2010delivered 1% metformin gel in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Avani R.","family":"Pradeep","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics Government Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaushik","family":"Patnaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics Government Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanika","family":"Nagpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics Government Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruti","family":"Karvekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics Government Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore Karnataka 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