{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T22:43:46Z","timestamp":1768257826628,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004035","name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Invest &amp; Clin Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess and compare the <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> toxicity of propolis with other primary teeth pulpotomy medicaments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human periodontal ligament (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>) cells were subjected to different concentrations of propolis, formocresol, ferric sulfate, and gray mineral trioxide aggregate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content>) (0.05, 0.5, 5, 50, and 100\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL) for 24\u00a0h at 37\u00b0C. Cells that were not exposed to the tested materials served as the negative control. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> toxicity was assessed using 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Statistical analysis of the data was accomplished using <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> and Tukey statistical tests (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only propolis and gray <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content> had comparable cell viability to the negative control group. Almost all remaining concentrations of tested materials were significantly inferior to the negative control after 24\u00a0h of exposure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Propolis and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content> are more biocompatible than formocresol and ferric sulfate since they were both able to preserve <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> fibroblasts for up to 24\u00a0h.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T05:11:54Z","timestamp":1430197914000},"page":"308-313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> toxicity of propolis in comparison with other primary teeth pulpotomy agents on human fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sanaa Najeh","family":"Al\u2010Haj Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Qassim University Qassim Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-05724-0.50023-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Comparison of pulpotomy with formocresol and MTA in primary molars: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"3","author":"Fallahinejad Ghajari M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Assessment of crude propolis as a direct pulp capping agent in primary and immature permanent teeth","volume":"8","author":"Alafandy AS","year":"2014","journal-title":"ENDO"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Clinical, radiographic and histological observations of the radicular pulp following \u201cferacrylum\u201d pulpotomy","volume":"21","author":"Prabhu NT","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.42954"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Pulpotomy therapy in primary teeth: new modalities for old rationales","volume":"16","author":"Ranly DM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Comparison of formocresol and ferric sulfate pulpotomy in primary molars: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"6","author":"Fallahinejad Ghajari M","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dent (Tehran)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2008.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2008.00667.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(97)00145-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of Iranian propolis and its chemical composition","volume":"15","author":"Yaghoubi MJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"DARU"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Effect of propolis on dentin regeneration and the potential role of dental pulp stem cell in Guinea pigs","volume":"13","author":"Ahangari Z","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.47.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2009.01179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200405000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Standardized propolis extract and calcium hydroxide as pulpotomy agents in primary pig teeth","volume":"79","author":"Oz\u00f3rio JE","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dent Child (Chic)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Pulp repair after pulpotomy using different pulp capping agents: a comparative histologic analysis","volume":"33","author":"Lima RV","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242013005000022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-014-0147-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2000.107227"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Are you still using formocresol? 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