{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:10:52Z","timestamp":1790118652536,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,3]],"date-time":"2016-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Invest & Clin Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro<\/jats:italic> antifibrogenic effects of Centella asiatica<\/jats:italic> Linn (CA<\/jats:styled-content>) and its bioactive triterpene aglycone asiatic acid (AA<\/jats:styled-content>) on arecoline\u2010induced fibrosis in primary human buccal fibroblasts (HBF<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>An ethanolic extract of CA<\/jats:styled-content> was prepared, and AA<\/jats:styled-content> was purchased commercially. High\u2010performance thin\u2010layer chromatography (HPTLC<\/jats:styled-content>) was performed to quantify AA<\/jats:styled-content> in the CA<\/jats:styled-content> extract; colorimetric assay (3\u2010[4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl]\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was performed to determine an half\u2010maximal inhibitory concentration. HBF<\/jats:styled-content> were cultured and stimulated with arecoline. The inhibitory effects of CA<\/jats:styled-content> and AA<\/jats:styled-content> at different concentrations were assessed using gene\u2010expression studies on fibrosis\u2010related markers: transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1, collagen 1 type 2, and collagen 3 type 1. The stimulatory effect of arecoline and the inhibitory effect of AA<\/jats:styled-content> on fibroblast morphology and extracellular matrix were assessed qualitatively using Masson trichrome stain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The HPTLC<\/jats:styled-content> analysis determined 1.2% AA<\/jats:styled-content> per 100 g of CA<\/jats:styled-content> extract. Arecoline produced a concentration\u2010dependent increase in the fibrotic markers, treatment with CA<\/jats:styled-content> significantly downregulated fibrotic markers at higher concentrations, and AA<\/jats:styled-content> downregulated at lower concentrations. Arecoline altered fibroblast morphology and stained strongly positive for collagen, and AA<\/jats:styled-content> treatment regained fibroblast morphology with faint collagen staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>CA<\/jats:styled-content> and AA<\/jats:styled-content> can be used as antifibrotic agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,3]],"date-time":"2016-02-03T15:16:27Z","timestamp":1454512587000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Antifibrotic effect of Centella asiatica<\/i> Linn and asiatic acid on arecoline\u2010induced fibrosis in human buccal fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Pooja Narain","family":"Adtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Faculty of Dental Sciences Sri Ramachandra University and Research Institute Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malathi","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Faculty of Dental Sciences Sri Ramachandra University and Research Institute Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan M.","family":"Punnoose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Central Research Facility Sri Ramachandra University and Research Institute Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himavanth Reddy","family":"Kambalachenu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Sri Ramachandra University and Research Institute Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"646","article-title":"Interaction of collagen\u2010related genes and susceptibility to betel quid\u2010induced oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Chiu CJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2012.01168.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03008011","article-title":"Clinical profile and serum beta\u2010carotene levels in oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"57","author":"Raina C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"985","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis: etiology, pathogenesis, and future research","volume":"72","author":"Rajendran R","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700669"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051806"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis \u2013 current concepts in etiopathogenesis","volume":"1","author":"Gupta MK","year":"2008","journal-title":"People's J Sci Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"971","article-title":"Pentoxifylline therapy in the management of oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Mehrotra R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2012.13.1.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"8284","article-title":"TGF\u2010\u03b2 modulation by natural active compounds from S. officinalis and C. 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