{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:50:44Z","timestamp":1782402644589,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,17]],"date-time":"2016-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Invest & Clin Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>The purpose of the present study was to find out the expression of p53, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS<\/jats:styled-content>) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF<\/jats:styled-content>), proteins implicated in its pathophysiology, as well as malignant transformation. We also sought to determine the effect of curcumin on the expression of these markers through immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The expression of p53, TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2, and iNOS<\/jats:styled-content> was evaluated through immunohistochemistry in 28 patients with OSMF<\/jats:styled-content> before and after treatment with curcumin. Expression was evaluated semiquantitatively using a four\u2010point scale based on the percentage of cells showing positive staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The expression of p53, TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2, and iNOS<\/jats:styled-content> in OSMF<\/jats:styled-content> was found to be statistically significant (P<\/jats:italic><.05). After therapy with curcumin, a decrease in the expression of p53, TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2, and iNOS<\/jats:styled-content> was seen in 25%, 32.1%, and 32.1% of the samples, respectively; however, the difference in pretreatment and post\u2010treatment expressions was not found to be statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The present finding suggest that curcumin could have an effect on the expression of p53, iNOS<\/jats:styled-content>, and TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 in OSMF<\/jats:styled-content>, and thus, could prove to be an effective chemopreventive agent for its management. The increased expression of p53, TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2, and iNOS<\/jats:styled-content> in OSMF<\/jats:styled-content> is suggestive of the role of these markers in its pathophysiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,18]],"date-time":"2016-12-18T03:47:17Z","timestamp":1482032837000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Effect of curcumin on the expression of p53, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in oral submucous fibrosis: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shikha","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujoy","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puja","family":"Sakhuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(98)00110-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104263441710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1937-6448(10)82004-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.277.1.C1","article-title":"Myofibroblasts. 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