{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:18:50Z","timestamp":1790266730535,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Invest &amp; Clin Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, the impact of scaling and root planing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content>) on gingival crevicular fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content>) cytokine\/chemokine levels in smokers with chronic periodontitis was assessed. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PICO<\/jats:styled-content> (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) question was: In smokers with chronic periodontitis (population), what is the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content> (intervention) in comparison to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content> in non\u2010smokers with chronic periodontitis (comparison) on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> cytokine\/chemokine level (outcome)? Indexed databases were searched up to September 2017. Of 4330 titles, nine studies reporting the levels of 13 different cytokines\/chemokines were included. Eight studies had a moderate risk of bias, while one study had a high risk of bias. Almost all cytokines\/chemokines were pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines. Five cytokines\/chemokines studied in four clinical studies were decreased in the smoker\u2010chronic periodontitis group following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content>. One study observed that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> levels of interleukin\u201017 increased, while anti\u2010inflammatory osteoprotegerin was reduced in both the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCP<\/jats:styled-content> and non\u2010smoker\u2010chronic periodontitis groups at follow up. However, the majority of cytokines\/chemokines did not change in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCP<\/jats:styled-content> groups at follow up. The current weight of evidence is not sufficient to prove that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content> has an impact on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> cytokine\/chemokine profile in smokers with chronic periodontitis. Evaluation of wide panels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines related to collagen degradation and alveolar bone destruction in future studies are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,16]],"date-time":"2018-02-16T04:12:38Z","timestamp":1518754358000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of scaling and root planing on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine\/chemokine levels in smokers with chronic periodontitis: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Baharak","family":"Eshghipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester  Rochester NY 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