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A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline\/PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Ovid<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria comprised of observational human studies involving the malignant transformation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> and publications in English. Studies included in this review were clinical follow\u2010up, cohort, retrospective, or prospective investigations. The search yielded 1126 articles, and after exclusion, 34 full\u2010text articles were eligible for full\u2010text analysis. Only one article met the inclusion criteria. Based on the included article, it was determined that the malignant transformation rate of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> to squamous cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>) was 3.07%. Excluded articles focused on the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment efficacies of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content>, and no malignant transformation rate was assessed. There is a need for more clinical studies on the malignant transformation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content>, as lip cancer is a public health concern. High\u2010risk populations, including those living in tropical regions, have excessive exposure to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> radiation, and have older aged males, fair\u2010skinned people, and smokers should be identified to prevent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> and its malignant change. Health practitioners should facilitate early intervention to prevent the progression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> of the lip.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T09:41:25Z","timestamp":1528105285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Malignant transformation of actinic cheilitis: A systematic review of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Dancyger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University  Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Heard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University  Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baikai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University  Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Suley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University  Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University  Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4671-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anura","family":"Ariyawardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University  Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2004.01004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12332"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2010.01202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14911-0_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-333"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"5\u00a0year experience with lower lip cancer","volume":"7","author":"Kornevs E","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stomatologija"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2009.01243.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962012000100013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980925)78:1<8::AID-IJC2>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1964.tb14529.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(96)00019-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77574-6_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04474.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77574-6_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018474919807"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0964-1955(95)00030-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12526"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000161682.63535.9B"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjv079"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-10-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)31043-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","volume-title":"Some Drugs and Herbal Products. 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