{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T19:54:30Z","timestamp":1780343670682,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Invest &amp; Clin Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The complexity of periodontitis in both etiology and progression has raised many questions, necessitating enormous research in recent years. The aim of the present study was to detect the presence of herpes viruses in Ghanaian patients diagnosed with periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010one patients were included in the study; 21 with periodontitis classified into localized chronic, generalized, and aggressive periodontitis, and 10 without the disease were used as controls. Subgingival samples were collected, followed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> extraction. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify viral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> for the detection of herpes viruses. Data was analyzed using Stata 14.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age for patients with aggressive periodontitis was 32.2\u00a0years (standard deviation [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>]: 8.50), while those for localized chronic periodontitis and generalized chronic periodontitis were 40.6\u00a0years (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 7.83) and 46.3\u00a0years (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 12.12), respectively. Viruses were detected only among patients clinically diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis. Of the total number of aggressive periodontitis patients, herpes simplex virus 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) and Epstein\u2010Barr virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) were found in four (44%) and one (11%), respectively. The mean age for patients found to have <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content> was 29\u00a0years (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 6.93).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content> in the subgingival plaque samples of Ghanaian patients clinically diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis. While our finding requires further investigation, the role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSV<\/jats:styled-content> in periodontitis, if elucidated, could transform and inform the clinical management of the condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T18:45:26Z","timestamp":1546627526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Detection of herpes viruses in Ghanaian patients with periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3726-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paa\u2010Kwesi","family":"Blankson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Korle\u2010Bu Teaching Hospital  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2997-9112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harriet N. A.","family":"Blankson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of Ghana, Korle\u2010Bu  Accra Ghana"},{"name":"Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center  Borstel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Obeng\u2010Nkrumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of Ghana, Korle\u2010Bu  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert A.","family":"Turkson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of Ghana, Korle\u2010Bu  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tormeti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry University of Ghana, Korle\u2010Bu  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Adamafio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry University of Ghana, Korle\u2010Bu  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Awuah\u2010Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of Ghana, Korle\u2010Bu  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Asmah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of Ghana, Korle\u2010Bu  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0906-6713.2002.03202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67728-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"3216","article-title":"Pattern of paediatric oral health presentations in Ghana: A year's retrospective study of a hospital\u2010based clinic","volume":"6","author":"Amoah GK","year":"2018","journal-title":"Afr J Dent ISSN"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2008.00279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjdr.2016.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00374-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00770.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.5.478"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"WHO.Promoting oral health in Africa.Brazzaville:WHO;2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0331-8540.108465"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"2279","article-title":"Role of herpes virus in periodontal diseases","volume":"13","author":"Varghese S","year":"2014","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0754.153489"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.290105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2009.00326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.156879"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"e988","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors and severity of periodontal disease in adults (35\u201044\u00a0years). 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