{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:39:12Z","timestamp":1787585952858,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Invest &amp; Clin Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of curcumin in both topical and systemic forms for management of oral submucous fibrosis in comparison with the antioxidants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomized parallel\u2010group single\u2010center trial, 119 patients were enrolled. Group I received antioxidants, group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> received curcumin in systemic form and group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> received curcumin in both systemic and topical forms. The primary outcomes assessed were interincisal mouth opening and burning sensation using a visual analog scale. The secondary outcomes were tongue protrusion and adverse reactions. The response to treatment was analyzed using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANOVA<\/jats:styled-content> and Fisher's exact test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant improvement in mouth opening, burning sensation and tongue protrusion was observed in all groups at 12\u00a0weeks. Mean improvement in burning sensation did not show statistical difference across the groups. A significant difference between groups <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> for improvement in mouth opening and groups I and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> for improvement in tongue protrusion was noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>When administrated in both systemic and topical forms together, curcumin showed better results in the management of oral submucous fibrosis as compared with the systemic form alone or antioxidants. 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