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We addressed this issue by examining rhizobial (<jats:italic>Rhizobim tropici<\/jats:italic>) and arbusclar mycorrhizal (<jats:italic>Glomus intraradices<\/jats:italic>) symbiosis in <jats:italic>Phaseolus vulgaris<\/jats:italic> L. <jats:italic>cv<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Negro Jamapa<\/jats:italic> under nitrate pre\u2010incubation and continuous nitrate conditions. Our results indicate that nitrate pre\u2010incubation, independent of the concentration, did not affect nodule development. However, the continuous supply of nitrate at high concentrations impaired nodule maturation and nodule numbers. Low nitrate conditions, in addition to positively regulating nodule number, biomass, and nitrogenase activity, also extended the span of nitrogen\u2010fixing activity. By contrast, for arbuscular mycorrhizae, continuous 10 and 50\u2009mmol\/L nitrate increased the percent root length colonization, concomitantly reduced arbuscule size, and enhanced ammonia transport without affecting phosphate transport. Therefore, in this manuscript, we have proposed the importance of nitrate as a positive regulator in promoting both rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis in the common bean.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.12156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,4]],"date-time":"2014-01-04T09:22:41Z","timestamp":1388827361000},"page":"281-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Nitrate regulates rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis in common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris<\/i> L.)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Kalpana","family":"Nanjareddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gen\u00f3mica Funcional de Eucariotes Centro de Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, UNAM Apartado Postal 510\u20103 Cuernavaca Morelos 62271, M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores\u2010UNAM Le\u00f3n, Blvd.UNAM 2011, Predio El Saucillo y El Potrero, Comunidad de los Tepetates Le\u00f3n Gto. 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