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Results demonstrated that PC improved drought tolerance by enhancing antioxidant defense, retaining higher relative water content, survival percentages, and dry weight of cells. In addition, PEPC activity in PC under PEG treatment was strengthened by addition of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> inhibitor, dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and NO synthesis inhibitor, 2\u2010(4\u2010carboxyphenyl)\u20104,4,5,5\u2010tetramethylimidazoline\u20101\u2010oxyl\u20103\u2010oxide (cPTIO), respectively, while that in PC was weakened by addition of free calcium chelator, ethylene glycol\u2010bis(b\u2010aminoethylether)\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2032,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2032\u2010tetraacetic acid (EGTA)\u2009+\u2009calcium channel outflow inhibitor, ruthenium red (RR)\u2009+\u2009plasma membrane channel blocker La(NO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, but EGTA\u2009+\u2009RR did not. Results also showed that NO and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> was lying downstream of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in drought\u2010induced signaling. Calcium ion was also involved in the expression of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u2010pepc<\/jats:italic> in PC. These results suggested that PC could improve oxidative tolerance in suspension\u2010cultured cells and the acquisition of this tolerance required downregulation of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and the entry of extracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> into cells across the plasma membrane for regulation of PEPC activity and <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u2010pepc<\/jats:italic> expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.12283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T22:41:30Z","timestamp":1410993690000},"page":"534-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Improved oxidative tolerance in suspension\u2010cultured cells of <i>C<\/i><sub><i>4<\/i><\/sub><i>\u2010pepc<\/i>transgenic rice by H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> and Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> under PEG\u20106000"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Baoyun","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch China National Center for Rice Improvement Nanjing 210014 China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch China National Center for Rice Improvement Nanjing 210014 China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch China National Center for Rice Improvement Nanjing 210014 China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch China National Center for Rice Improvement Nanjing 210014 China"},{"name":"Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 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