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This study focuses on five Brassicaceae genomes and the <jats:italic>Carica papaya<\/jats:italic> genome to explore changes in NBS\u2010LRR genes that have taken place in this Rosid II lineage during the past 72 million years. Various numbers of NBS\u2010LRR genes were identified from <jats:italic>Arabidopsis lyrata<\/jats:italic> (198), <jats:italic>A. thaliana<\/jats:italic> (165), <jats:italic>Brassica rapa<\/jats:italic> (204), <jats:italic>Capsella rubella<\/jats:italic> (127), <jats:italic>Thellungiella salsuginea<\/jats:italic> (88), and <jats:italic>C. papaya<\/jats:italic> (51). In each genome, the identified NBS\u2010LRR genes were found to be unevenly distributed among chromosomes and most of them were clustered together. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that, before and after Brassicaceae speciation events, both toll\/interleukin\u20101 receptor\u2010NBS\u2010LRR (TNL) genes and non\u2010toll\/interleukin\u20101 receptor\u2010NBS\u2010LRR (nTNL) genes exhibited a pattern of first expansion and then contraction, suggesting that both subclasses of NBS\u2010LRR genes were responding to pathogen pressures synchronically. Further, by examining the gain\/loss of TNL and nTNL genes at different evolutionary nodes, this study revealed that both events often occurred more drastically in TNL genes. Finally, the phylogeny of nTNL genes suggested that this NBS\u2010LRR subclass is composed of two separate ancient gene types: RPW8\u2010NBS\u2010LRR and Coiled\u2010coil\u2010NBS\u2010LRR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.12365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]],"date-time":"2015-04-30T04:25:38Z","timestamp":1430367938000},"page":"165-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Uncovering the dynamic evolution of nucleotide\u2010binding site\u2010leucine\u2010rich repeat (NBS\u2010LRR) genes in Brassicaceae"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yan\u2010Mei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China"},{"name":"Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210014 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