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In this study, we show that host plant\u2010mediated interaction between two insect herbivores \u2212 a generalist and a specialist \u2212 results in a sex ratio shift of the specialist's offspring. We studied demographic parameters of the specialist <jats:italic>Tupiocoris notatus<\/jats:italic> (Hemiptera: Miridae) when co\u2010infesting the host plant <jats:italic>Nicotiana attenuata<\/jats:italic> (Solanaceae) with the generalist leafhopper <jats:italic>Empoasca<\/jats:italic> sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). We show that the usually female\u2010biased sex ratio of <jats:italic>T. notatus<\/jats:italic> shifts toward a higher male proportion in the offspring on plants co\u2010infested by <jats:italic>Empoasca<\/jats:italic> sp. This sex ratio change did not occur after oviposition, nor is it due differential mortality of female and male nymphs. Based on pyrosequencing and PCR of bacterial 16S rRNA amplicons, we concluded that sex ratio shifts were unlikely to be due to infection with <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> or other known sex ratio\u2010distorting endosymbionts. Finally, we used transgenic lines of <jats:italic>N. attenuata<\/jats:italic> to evaluate if the sex ratio shift could be mediated by changes in general or specialized host plant metabolites. We found that the sex ratio shift occurred on plants deficient in two cytokinin receptors (ir<jats:italic>CHK2\/3<\/jats:italic>). Thus, cytokinin\u2010regulated traits can alter the offspring sex ratio of the specialist <jats:italic>T. notatus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.12507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T16:36:37Z","timestamp":1479314197000},"page":"44-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sex ratio of mirid populations shifts in response to hostplant co\u2010infestation or altered cytokinin signaling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Nora","family":"Adam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans\u2010Kn\u00f6ll\u2010Stra\u00dfe 8 07745 Jena Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Erler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans\u2010Kn\u00f6ll\u2010Stra\u00dfe 8 07745 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Kallenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans\u2010Kn\u00f6ll\u2010Stra\u00dfe 8 07745 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kaltenpoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Research Group Insect Symbiosis Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans\u2010Kn\u00f6ll\u2010Stra\u00dfe 8 07745 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grit","family":"Kunert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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