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The high species diversity in this mountain system has long been attributed to a complex set of factors, and recent large\u2010scale macroevolutionary investigations have placed a broad timeline on plant diversification that stretches from 10 million years ago (Mya) to the present. Despite our increasing understanding of the temporal mode of speciation, finer\u2010scale population\u2010level investigations are lacking to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cryptic speciation. This is largely due to the dearth of organismal sampling among closely related species and populations, spanning the incredible size and topological heterogeneity of this region. Our study dives into these evolutionary dynamics of speciation using genomic and eco\u2010morphological data of <jats:italic>Stellera chamaejasme<\/jats:italic> L. We identified four previously unrecognized cryptic species having indistinct morphological traits and large metapopulation of evolving lineages, suggesting a more recent diversification (~2.67\u20130.90 Mya), largely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic factors. These factors likely influenced allopatric speciation and advocated cyclical warming\u2013cooling episodes along elevational gradients during the Pleistocene. The study refines the evolutionary timeline to be much younger than previously implicated and raises the concern that projected future warming may influence the alpine species diversity, necessitating increased conservation efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.13663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T12:14:12Z","timestamp":1713528852000},"page":"1192-1205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pleistocene glaciation advances the cryptic speciation of <i>Stellera chamaejasme<\/i> L. in a major biodiversity hotspot"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7812-9267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh Kumar","family":"Rana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China"},{"name":"Arkansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State University Jonesboro 72401 Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9666-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hum Kala","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-5365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob B.","family":"Landis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. 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