{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T01:53:41Z","timestamp":1784771621657,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JIPB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes requires the exquisite regulation of the environment within the infected region of the nodule. The microaerobic environment critical for nitrogenase activity is maintained through the physical oxygen diffusion barrier of the cortex and locally the oxygen\u2010binding protein leghemoglobin (Lb). Leghemoglobin binds and releases oxygen with heme moiety to maintain oxygen gradients inside the infected cell (IC) during nitrogen fixation. Heme binds to diverse proteins and plays critical roles in different redox reactions. However, the role and regulation of host\u2010controlled heme production during symbiotic nitrogen fixation are not clear. Here, we identified coproporphyrinogen III oxidase plastid related 1 (CPOP1) as a key regulator of symbiotic heme biosynthesis in\n                    <jats:italic>Lotus japonicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>CPOP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    is specifically highly expressed in nitrogen\u2010fixing nodules, and knocking out\n                    <jats:italic>CPOP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    alone causes leaf etiolation and dwarfism which could be recovered by the exogenous application of nitrogen source, indicating nitrogen fixation defect. The IC\u2010specific expression of\n                    <jats:italic>CPOP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was directed by the \u2212881 to \u2212740\u2009bp promoter region. The\n                    <jats:italic>cpop1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant shows significantly increased nodule oxygen level and decreased nitrogen fixation activity compared to the wild\u2010type. Intriguingly, bacteria proliferation is inhibited due to the down\u2010regulation of cell division\u2010related gene expression upon\n                    <jats:italic>CPOP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout. Our data showed that CPOP1 is essential for the microaerobic environment control of ICs and the activation of rhizobial nitrogenase required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, through host\u2010regulated nodule heme synthesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.70037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T19:34:01Z","timestamp":1760556841000},"page":"3167-3181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["CPOP1 is a key enzyme required for nodule microenvironment control and successful symbiotic nitrogen fixation in\n                    <i>Lotus japonicus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0346-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Fang","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2473-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8922-8788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi\u2010Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7850-4503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi\u2010Qin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4643-4889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya\u2010Long","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 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