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Here, we show that this low\u2010temperature\u2010induced albinism is caused by a mutation in the kale F\u2010box gene\n                    <jats:italic>BoWl<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Using yeast two\u2010hybrid, pull\u2010down, co\u2010immunoprecipitation, and luciferase complementation assays, we demonstrate that BoWl interacts with the transcription factor BoARF1 to form a functional complex. Complementary yeast one\u2010hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase assays reveal that this complex activates\n                    <jats:italic>BoGLK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a regulator of chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis. In the albino line, a mutation in\n                    <jats:italic>BoWl<\/jats:italic>\n                    results in abnormal chloroplast structure and disrupts chlorophyll synthesis. We further identify BoCBF1\/BoPHL2 as a low\u2010temperature responsive regulatory module that transcriptionally activates\n                    <jats:italic>BoWl<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. Together, these findings define a molecular pathway linking cold perception to transcriptional regulation associated with leaf whitening in ornamental kale, providing new insight into how low temperature influences genetically controlled leaf color variation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.70250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T03:43:40Z","timestamp":1775187820000},"page":"3352-3373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The mechanism of newly differentiated leaves of kale turning white in late autumn"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5487-0586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhichao","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1985-3912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yupeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1597-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6792-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2830-7405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuonan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1805-0757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6345-6633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pci091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.143651"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-018-2360-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.12899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.104.042184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpae149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Du Y.(2024). 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