{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:05:17Z","timestamp":1789563917108,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JIPB"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Soybean is a major source of plant protein and oil, yet its production is severely constrained by diverse pathogen infections. Here, we identify eugenol as a pathogen\u2010induced defense metabolite in soybean with broad\u2010spectrum antimicrobial activity against fungal, oomycete, and bacterial pathogens. Pathogen\u2010associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including Flg22, Chitin, and Elicitin, strongly induced soybean eugenol synthase (\n                    <jats:italic>GmEGS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes and promoted eugenol accumulation. Phylogenetic and expression analyses identified five\n                    <jats:italic>GmEGS<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, among which\n                    <jats:italic>GmEGS1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GmEGS1c<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>GmEGS2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    were strongly induced by PAMPs and pathogen infection. Eugenol inhibited mycelial growth, spore germination, and zoospore release, while transcriptome analyses of\n                    <jats:italic>Phytophthora sojae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed disruption of central carbon, amino acid, and membrane\u2010associated metabolic pathways. In soybean, exogenous eugenol induced antioxidant metabolism and protein homeostasis without activating canonical immune responses, consistent with a protective effect associated with its antimicrobial activity rather than canonical immune activation. Overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>GmEGS1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>GmEGS1c<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased endogenous eugenol accumulation and conferred broad\u2010spectrum disease resistance without detectable growth penalties. Moreover, exogenous eugenol reduced disease severity in soybean, rice, maize, and tomato. Together, our findings establish GmEGS\u2010mediated eugenol biosynthesis as an inducible chemical defense pathway and highlight eugenol as a promising natural antimicrobial compound for sustainable crop protection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.70396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:19:19Z","timestamp":1789561159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced eugenol biosynthesis through\n                    <i>GmEGS<\/i>\n                    overexpression confers broad\u2010spectrum pathogen protection in soybean"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5644-6794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7609-4088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7220-155X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University Sanya 572024 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9685-2424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingxue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1628-9167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longxiaoran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4478-4524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0970-8624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University Sanya 572024 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4322-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tengfei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University Sanya 572024 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8091-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1327-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Grassland Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8729-3106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaixuan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University Sanya 572024 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5803-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-4-20","article-title":"Antimicrobial 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Food Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-73_6_1124","article-title":"Antifungal activity of eugenol against Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium species","volume":"73","author":"Campaniello D.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17011002","article-title":"Antifungal activity of eugenol analogues: Influence of different substituents and studies on mechanism of action","volume":"17","author":"Carrasco H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-05-12-0479-FE","article-title":"A public program to evaluate commercial soybean cultivars for pathogen and pest resistance","volume":"97","author":"Chawla S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-021-00778-7","article-title":"Highly efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes\u2010mediated hairy root transformation for gene functional and gene editing analysis in soybean","volume":"17","author":"Cheng Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.14206","article-title":"Soybean\u2010Phakopsora pachyrhizi interactions: Towards the development of next\u2010generation disease\u2010resistant plants","volume":"22","author":"Chicowski A.S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. 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U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2008.03412.x","article-title":"The multiple phenylpropene synthases in both Clarkia breweri and Petunia hybrida represent two distinct protein lineages","volume":"54","author":"Koeduka T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2016.06.012","article-title":"Characterization of an O\u2010methyltransferase specific to guaiacol\u2010type benzenoids from the flowers of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica)","volume":"122","author":"Koeduka T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Bioeng."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.05.060","article-title":"Enhancement of production of eugenol and its glycosides in transgenic aspen plants via genetic engineering","volume":"436","author":"Koeduka T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. 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