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Spray\u2010induced gene silencing (SIGS), an RNA interference (RNAi)\u2010based approach, offers a non\u2010transgenic and sequence\u2010specific strategy for controlling fungal diseases. Although laboratory studies increasingly report effective gene silencing and disease suppression, these results have not consistently translated into reliable protection under field\u2010relevant conditions. In this review, we examine this gap through four sequential filters: environmental persistence, pathogen\u2010site exposure, fungal cytosolic delivery, and RNAi machinery availability. We critically review the evidence relevant to each filter and assess how its importance varies among fungal pathosystems. Comparisons with commercially advanced RNAi products targeting non\u2010fungal organisms illustrate how protected delivery and controlled exposure can mitigate several barriers to efficacy. This framework provides a practical basis for identifying pathosystem\u2010specific bottlenecks and guiding the development of more reliable RNAi\u2010based fungicides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.70400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T11:27:27Z","timestamp":1789817247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Four sequential filters constrain the efficacy of spray\u2010induced gene silencing against fungal pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6724-3715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sooho","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of 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