{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:51:17Z","timestamp":1760122277406},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,19]],"date-time":"2013-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Investigating interdyad (i.e. couples of a client and their usual caregiver) differences in naturally occurring patterns of staff reactions to challenging behaviour (e.g. self\u2010injurious, stereotyped and aggressive\/destructive behaviour) of clients with severe or profound intellectual disabilities is important to optimise client\u2013staff interactions. Most studies, however, fail to combine a naturalistic setup with a person\u2010level analysis, in that they do not involve a careful inspection of the interdyad differences and similarities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the recently proposed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lusterwise <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ierarchical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lasses <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>nalysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HICLAS<\/jats:styled-content>) method is adopted and applied to data of in which video fragments (recorded in a naturalistic setting) of a client showing challenging behaviour and the staff reacting to it were analysed. In a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lusterwise <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HICLAS<\/jats:styled-content> analysis, the staff\u2013client dyads are grouped into a number of clusters and the prototypical behaviour\u2013reaction patterns that are specific for each cluster (i.e. interdyad differences and similarities) are revealed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lusterwise <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HICLAS<\/jats:styled-content> discloses clear interdyad differences (and similarities) in the prototypical patterns of clients' challenging behaviour and the associated staff reactions, complementing and qualifying the results of earlier studies in which only general patterns were disclosed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The usefulness and clinical relevance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lusterwise <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HICLAS<\/jats:styled-content> is demonstrated. In particular, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lusterwise <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HICLAS<\/jats:styled-content> may capture idiosyncratic aspects of staff\u2013client interactions, which may stimulate direct support workers to adopt person\u2010centred support practices that take the specific abilities of the client into account.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,19]],"date-time":"2013-08-19T14:19:39Z","timestamp":1376921979000},"page":"1045-1059","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Revealing interdyad differences in naturally occurring staff reactions to challenging behaviour of clients with severe or profound intellectual disabilities by means of <scp>C<\/scp>lusterwise <scp>H<\/scp>ierarchical <scp>C<\/scp>lasses <scp>A<\/scp>nalysis (<scp>HICLAS<\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"T. 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